Hemoptysis: Difference between revisions
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{{SK}} Spitting up blood; bloody sputum; coughing up blood; blood in sputum; haemoptysis; | {{SK}} Spitting up blood; bloody sputum; coughing up blood; blood in sputum; haemoptysis; | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 01:43, 25 September 2012
| Hemoptysis | |
| ICD-10 | R04.2 |
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| ICD-9 | 786.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 5578 |
| MedlinePlus | 003073 |
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Hemoptysis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Hemoptysis On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemoptysis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Spitting up blood; bloody sputum; coughing up blood; blood in sputum; haemoptysis;
Causes
Common Causes
Common causes of hemoptysis include:
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Lung neoplasm (in smokers, when hemoptysis is persistent)
- Aspergilloma
- Tuberculosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pneumonic plague
- Idiopathic - in 20% cases
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Actinomycosis
- Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- Amyloidosis
- Aortic Aneurysm
- Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
- Aspergilloma
- Aspiration (foreign body)
- Behcet's Syndrome
- Biopsy
- Bleeding gums
- Bronchial adenoma
- Bronchitis
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchogenic carcinoma
- Broncholithiasis
- Bronchoscopy
- Coagulopathy
- Cocaine use
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Cytotoxic drug use
- Echinococcal cyst
- Endometriosis
- Esophageal tumors
- Fistula (between vasculature and airway)
- Goodpasture's Syndrome
- Heart failure
- Hemorrhagic diathesis
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome)
- Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
- Histiocytosis X
- Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
- Intrathoracic endometriosis
- Laryngitis
- Laryngoscopy
- Lung abscess
- Lung contusion
- Malignant lymphoma
- Mediastinal tumors
- Mediastinoscopy
- Metastases
- Mitral Stenosis
- Nosebleed
- Oral Candidiasis
- Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
- Pharyngitis
- Pneumonia
- Polyarteritis Nodosa
- Primary pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
- Pulmonary congestion
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pulmonary hemangioma
- Pulmonary hemosiderosis
- Pulmonary Infarction
- Ruptured aortic aneurysm
- Ruptured bronchi
- Sarcoidosis
- Septic pulmonary emboli
- Shrapnel
- Spirometry
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Tonsillectomy
- Tracheitis
- Trauma
- Tuberculosis
- Violent coughing
- Warfarin - excess anticoagulation
- Wegener's Granulomatosis [1] [2]
Natural Hisotry, Compilcations and Prognosis
Although uncommon, massive hemoptysis may be fatal.
Diagnostic
Laboratory Findings
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Sputum for acid-fast stain
- Cytology
- Gram stain / culture
- Prothrombin time/partial thromboplastin time (PT / PTT)
- Pulse oximetry
- Urinalysis
- Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine)
- Possible immunologic tests
- Arterial blood gases
Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies
Chest X Ray
- Chest X-ray for both major and minor hemoptysis
CT
- Chest CT scan to show focal bleeding
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
- Treat underling etiologies for minor hemoptysis
- Special attention to airway, breathing and circulation
- Administration of supplemental O2
- Stablize hemodynamics
- Cough suppression
- Intubation
Acute Pharmacotherapies
- IV estrogen
Surgery and Device Based Therapy
- Bronchoscopic balloon tamponade
- Arteriography and embolization
- Emergent thoracic surgery
References
Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs