Pulmonary contusion epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
Kashish Goel (talk | contribs) (Created page with " {{Pulmonary contusion}} {{CMG}} ==Epidemiology== The severity ranges from mild to deadly—small contusions may have little or no impact on the patient's health—yet pulmonary ...") |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | |||
{{Pulmonary contusion}} | {{Pulmonary contusion}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
Pulmonary contusion is found in 30–75% of severe cases of chest injury, making it the most common serious injury to occur in association with[[thorax|thoracic]] trauma.<ref name="mlr07"> | Pulmonary contusion is found in 30–75% of severe cases of chest injury, making it the most common serious injury to occur in association with[[thorax|thoracic]] trauma.<ref name="mlr07"> | ||
{{ | {{ | ||
Revision as of 14:14, 25 September 2012
|
Pulmonary contusion Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Pulmonary contusion epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pulmonary contusion epidemiology and demographics |
|
Pulmonary contusion epidemiology and demographics in the news |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pulmonary contusion epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Pulmonary contusion is found in 30–75% of severe cases of chest injury, making it the most common serious injury to occur in association withthoracic trauma.[1] Of people who have multiple injuries with an injury severity score of over 15, pulmonary contusion occurs in about 17%.[2] It is difficult to determine the death rate (mortality) because pulmonary contusion rarely occurs by itself.[3] Usually, deaths of people with pulmonary contusion result from other injuries, commonly traumatic brain injury.[4] It is controversial whether pulmonary contusion with flail chest is a major factor in mortality on its own or whether it merely contributes to mortality in people with multiple injuries.[5] The mortality rate of pulmonary contusion is estimated to range from 14–40%, depending on the severity of the contusion itself and on associated injuries.[6] When the contusions are small, they do not normally increase the chance of death or poor outcome for people with blunt chest trauma; however, these chances increase with the size of the contusion.[7] One study found that 35% of people with multiple significant injuries including pulmonary contusion die.[3] In another study, 11% of people with pulmonary contusion alone died, while the number rose to 22% in those with additional injuries.[1] An accompanying flail chest increases the morbidityand mortality to more than twice that of pulmonary contusion alone.[8] Pulmonary contusion is thought to be the direct cause of death in a quarter to a half of people with polytrauma who die.[9]
Pulmonary contusion is the most common cause of death among vehicle occupants involved in accidents,[10] and it is thought to contribute significantly in about a quarter of deaths resulting from vehicle collisions.[11] As vehicle use has increased, so has the number of auto accidents, and with it the number of chest injuries.[12] However an increase in the number of airbags installed in modern cars may be decreasing the incidence of pulmonary contusion.[1] Use of child restraint systems has brought the approximate incidence of pulmonary contusion in children in vehicle accidents from 22% to 10%.[13]
Since their chest walls are more flexible, children are more vulnerable to pulmonary contusion than adults are,[14] and it is more common in children than in adults for that reason.[15] Children in forceful impacts suffer twice as many pulmonary contusions as adults with similar injury mechanisms, yet have proportionately fewer rib fractures.[16] Pulmonary contusion has been found in 53% of children with significant chest injuries (those requiring hospitalization).[17] The rates of certain types of injury mechanisms differ between children and adults; for example, children are more often hit by cars when they are pedestrians.[18] Differences in the bodies of children and adults also lead to different manifestations of pulmonary contusion and associated injuries; for example, children have less body mass, so the same force is more likely to lead to trauma to multiple body systems.[18] Some differences in children's physiology might be advantageous (for example they are less likely to have other medical conditions), and thus they have been predicted to have a better outcome.[19] However, despite these differences, children with pulmonary contusion have similar mortality rates to adults.[18]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Miller DL, Mansour KA (2007). "Blunt traumatic lung injuries". Thoracic Surgery Clinics. 17 (1): 57–61. doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2007.03.017. PMID 17650697.
- ↑
- ↑ 3.0 3.1
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ Milroy CM, Clark JC (2000). "Injuries and deaths in vehicle occupants". In Mason JK, Purdue BN. The Pathology of Trauma. Arnold. p. 10. ISBN 0-340-69189-1.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
Cullen ML (2001). "Pulmonary and respiratory complications of pediatric trauma". Respiratory Care Clinics of North America. 7 (1): 59–77. PMID 11584805. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑
- ↑ Matthay RA, George RB, Light RJ, Matthay MA, ed. (2005). "Thoracic trauma, surgery, and perioperative management". Chest Medicine: Essentials of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 578. ISBN 0-7817-5273-6.
- ↑
- ↑ Nakayama, DK (December 1989). "Chest injuries in childhood". Annals of Surgery. 210 (6): 770–775. PMID 2589889. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2
- ↑
Allen GS, Cox CS, Moore FA, Duke JH, Andrassy RJ (1997). "Pulmonary contusion: Are children different?". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 185 (3): 229–233. PMID 9291398. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)