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| {{SK}} Diffuse parenchymal lung disease; DPLD; ILD | | {{SK}} Diffuse parenchymal lung disease; DPLD; ILD |
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Interstitial lung disease ''', refers to a group of [[lung]] diseases (including '''idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis'''), affecting the [[Pulmonary alveolus|alveolar]] [[epithelium]], pulmonary [[capillary]] [[endothelium]], [[basement membrane]], perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. The term ILD is used to distinguish these diseases from obstructive airways diseases. Most types of ILD involve [[fibrosis]], but this is not essential; indeed fibrosis is often a later feature. Hence the term '''''pulmonary fibrosis''''' has fallen out of favor.
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| == Causes ==
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| ILD may be classified according to the cause: -
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| # Inhaled substances
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| #* Inorganic
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| #** Silica
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| #** [[Asbestos]]
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| #** [[Beryllium]]
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| #* Organic
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| #** [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]
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| # Drug induced
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| #* [[Antibiotic]]s
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| #* [[Chemotherapy|Chemotherapeutic drugs]]
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| #* [[Antiarrhythmic agents]]
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| # Connective tissue disease
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| #* [[Systemic sclerosis]]
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| #* [[Dermatomyositis]]
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| #* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
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| #* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
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| # Infection
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| #* [[Atypical pneumonia]]
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| #* Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
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| #* [[Tuberculosis]]
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| # Idiopathic
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| #* [[Sarcoidosis]]
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| #* [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]
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| #* [[Hamman-Rich syndrome]]
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| # Malignancy
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| #* Lymphangitic [[carcinoma]]tosis
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| [[Image:PCP CAP CXR.JPG|left|thumb|Patients with [[Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)|pneumocystis pneumonia]] can present with interstitial lung disease, as seen in the reticular markings on this AP [[chest x-ray]]]]
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| Investigation is tailored towards the symptoms and signs. Most patients have blood testing, chest [[x-ray]], pulmonary function testing, and high resolution [[computerized tomography|CT]] thorax.
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| ==Treatment==
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| ILD is not a single disease, but encompasses many different pathological processes. Hence treatment is different for each disease.
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| If a specific occupational exposure cause is found, the person should avoid that environment. If a [[Medication|drug]] cause is suspected, that drug should be discontinued.
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| Many [[idiopathic]] and [[connective tissue]]-based causes of ILD are treated with [[prednisolone]]. Some patients respond to [[immunosuppressant]] treatment. Patients with [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxemia]] may be given supplemental [[oxygen]].
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| {{Respiratory pathology}} | | {{Respiratory pathology}} |
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| | [[Category:Disease]] |
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| [[Category:Pulmonology]] | | [[Category:Pulmonology]] |