Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Pneumocystis jirovecii ( | '''''Pneumocystis'' pneumonia''' ('''PCP''') is a form of [[pneumonia]] caused by the yeast-like [[fungus|fungal]] ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'' (Jirovecii is pronounced "yee row vet zee eye"). The causal agent was originally described as a protozoan and spelled ''P. jiroveci'' and prior to then was classified as a form of ''Pneumocystis carinii'', a name still in common usage.<ref name=Stringer_2002>{{cite journal | author=Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE | title=A new name (''Pneumocystis jiroveci'') for ''Pneumocystis'' from humans | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year=2002 | pages=891-6 | volume=8 | issue=9 | id=PMID 12194762}}</ref><ref name=Redhead_2006>{{cite journal | author=Redhead SA, Cushion MT, Frenkel JK, Stringer JR | title=''Pneumocystis'' and ''Trypanosoma cruzi'': nomenclature and typifications | journal=J Eukaryot Microbiol | year=2006 | pages=2–11 | volume=53 | issue=1 | id=PMID 16441572}}</ref> These names are discussed below. As a result, '''Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)''' has also been known as '''Pneumocystis jiroveci[i] pneumonia''' and as '''Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia''', as is also explained below.<ref name=Cushion_1998>{{cite journal | author=Cushion MT .| title = Chapter 34. ''Pneumocystis carinii''. In: Collier, L., Balows, A. & Sussman, M. (ed.), Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections 9th ed. Arnold and Oxford Press, New York. | year = 1998 | pages = 645–683}}</ref><ref name=Cushion_1998b>{{cite journal | author=Cushion MT | title = Taxonomy, genetic organization, and life cycle of ''Pneumocystis carinii'' | | journal = Semin. Respir. Infect | year = 1998 | volume = 13 | issue =4 | pages = 304–312}}</ref><ref name=Cushion_2004>{{cite journal | author=Cushion MT | title = ''Pneumocystis'': unraveling the cloak of obscurity | | journal = Trends Microbiol | year = 2004 | volume = 12 | issue =5 | pages = 243–249}}</ref> | ||
It is relatively rare in people with normal immune systems but common among people with | |||
weakened [[immune system]]s, such as premature or severely malnourished children, the elderly, and especially [[AIDS]] patients, in whom it is most commonly observed today.<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0838585299 }}</ref> PCP can also develop in patients who are taking [[Immunosuppressive drug|immunosuppressant medications]] (e.g. patients who have undergone [[Organ transplant|solid organ transplantation]]) and in patients who have undergone [[bone marrow transplantation]]. | |||
The organism is distributed worldwide<ref name=Morris_2004>{{cite journal | author=Morris A et al | title= Current Epidemiology of Pneumocystis Pneumonia | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year=2004 | pages=1713-1720 | volume=10 | issue=10 | id=PMID 15504255}}</ref>. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia caused by the yeast-like fungal Pneumocystis jirovecii (Jirovecii is pronounced "yee row vet zee eye"). The causal agent was originally described as a protozoan and spelled P. jiroveci and prior to then was classified as a form of Pneumocystis carinii, a name still in common usage.[1][2] These names are discussed below. As a result, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has also been known as Pneumocystis jiroveci[i] pneumonia and as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, as is also explained below.[3][4][5]
It is relatively rare in people with normal immune systems but common among people with weakened immune systems, such as premature or severely malnourished children, the elderly, and especially AIDS patients, in whom it is most commonly observed today.[6] PCP can also develop in patients who are taking immunosuppressant medications (e.g. patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation) and in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation.
The organism is distributed worldwide[7].
References
- ↑ Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE (2002). "A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans". Emerg Infect Dis. 8 (9): 891–6. PMID 12194762.
- ↑ Redhead SA, Cushion MT, Frenkel JK, Stringer JR (2006). "Pneumocystis and Trypanosoma cruzi: nomenclature and typifications". J Eukaryot Microbiol. 53 (1): 2–11. PMID 16441572.
- ↑ Cushion MT . (1998). "Chapter 34. Pneumocystis carinii. In: Collier, L., Balows, A. & Sussman, M. (ed.), Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections 9th ed. Arnold and Oxford Press, New York": 645–683.
- ↑ Cushion MT (1998). "Taxonomy, genetic organization, and life cycle of Pneumocystis carinii". Semin. Respir. Infect. 13 (4): 304–312.
- ↑ Cushion MT (2004). "Pneumocystis: unraveling the cloak of obscurity". Trends Microbiol. 12 (5): 243–249.
- ↑ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0838585299.
- ↑ Morris A; et al. (2004). "Current Epidemiology of Pneumocystis Pneumonia". Emerg Infect Dis. 10 (10): 1713–1720. PMID 15504255.