Azotemia: Difference between revisions

	Azotemia Microchapters
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Revision as of 18:33, 30 September 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor in Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2]

(In alphabetical order)

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 '''Associate Editor in Chief:''' {{MUT}}
-==Signs and symptoms (prerenal azotemia)==
-In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
-* Decreased or absent urine output
-* [[Confusion]]
-* Decreased alertness
-* [[Dry mouth]]
-* [[Fatigue]]
-* [[Orthostatic blood pressure]] (rises or falls, significantly depending on position)
-* [[Pale skin color]]
-* [[Rapid pulse]]
-* [[Thirst]], [[swelling]] ([[edema]], [[anasarca]])
-A [[urinalysis]] will typically show a decreased urine sodium level, a high urine creatinine-to- serum creatinine ratio, a high urine urea-to-serum urea ratio, and concentrated urine (determined by osmolality and specific gravity). None of these is particularly useful in diagnosis.
-Prompt treatment of some causes of azotemia can result in restoration of kidney function; delayed treatment may result in permanent loss of renal function. Treatment may include [[hemodialysis]] or peritoneal [[dialysis]], medications to increase cardiac output and increase blood pressure, and the treatment of the condition that caused the azotemia to begin with.
 ==Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Azotemia==