Long QT Syndrome differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Long QT Syndrome}} | {{Long QT Syndrome}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
==Causes== | |||
===Common Causes=== | |||
====Drugs==== | |||
Drug induced QT prolongation is usually a result of treatment by [[Antiarrhythmic agent|anti-arrhythmic]] drugs or a number of other drugs that have been reported to cause this problem (e.g. [[cisapride]]). Some [[anti-psychotic]] drugs, such as [[Haloperidol]] and [[Ziprasidone]], have a prolonged QT interval as a rare side effect. Genetic mutations may make one more susceptible to drug induced QT prolongation. | |||
====Long QT Syndrome==== | |||
Genetic abnormalities cause the [[Long QT Syndrome]]. | |||
====Electrolyte Disturbances==== | |||
Electrolyte disturbances such as [[hyperkalaemia]], [[hypocalcaemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypokalaemia]], and [[hypomagnesemia]] can cause QT prolongation. | |||
====Neurologic Events==== | |||
[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] and other intracranial events can cause QT prolongation. Widely slayed [[cerebral T waves]] are often seen as well. | |||
====Anorexia Nervosa==== | |||
[[Anorexia nervosa]] and [[starvation]] can cause QT prolongation. | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | |||
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1" | |||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | |||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Ischaemic heart disease]], [[Long QT syndrome]], [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[Timothy syndrome]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Chemical / poisoning''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenicals]], [[cesium]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Dermatologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alimemazine]], [[Almokalant]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amitriptyline]], [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[Asenapine]], [[Astemizole]], [[Azimilide]], [[Azithromycin]], [[Bepridil]], [[Bretylium]], [[Budipine]], [[Chloroquine]], [[Cibenzoline]], [[Cisapride]], [[Citalopram]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Desipramine]], [[Diphenhydramine]], [[Disopyramide]], [[Dofetilide]], [[Dolasetron]], [[Doxepin]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Droperidol]], [[Eribulin mesylate]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Grepafloxacin]], [[Halofantrine]], [[Haloperidol]], [[Ibutilide]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indapamide]], [[Ketanserin]], [[Ketoconazole]], [[Lidoflazine]], [[Lubeluzole]], [[Methadone]], [[Methadyl acetate]], [[Midodrine]], [[Mizolastine]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Naratriptan]], [[Nicardipine]], [[Nilotinib]], [[Ondansetron]], [[Pasireotide]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Pimozide]], [[Piperaquine]], [[Prenylamine]], [[Probucol]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propoxyphene]], [[Quinidine]], [[Quinine]], [[Ranolazine]], [[Retigabine]], [[Ritodrine]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Saquinavir]], [[Sertindole]], [[Sotalol]], [[Sparfloxacin]], [[Tedisamil]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Terfenadine]], [[Terodiline]], [[Tetrabenazine]], [[Thioridazine]], [[Vandetanib]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Venlafaxine]], [[Vernakalant]], [[Voriconazole]], [[Vorinostat]], [[Ziprasidone]], [[Zotepine]], [[Zuclopenthixol]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Endocrine''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypothyroidism]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Environmental''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Zero gravity]], [[cesium]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Genetic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[Long QT syndrome]], [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[Timothy syndrome]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Hematologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cesium]] poisoning | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Timothy syndrome]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Neurologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute starvation]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Cesium]], [[Hyperkalaemia]], [[Hypocalcaemia]], [[Hypoglycaemia]], [[Hypokalaemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Oncologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Opthalmologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alimemazine]], [[Almokalant]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amitriptyline]], [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[Asenapine]], [[Astemizole]], [[Azimilide]], [[Azithromycin]], [[Bepridil]], [[Bretylium]], [[Budipine]], [[Cesium]], [[Chloroquine]], [[Cibenzoline]], [[Cisapride]], [[Citalopram]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Desipramine]], [[Diphenhydramine]], [[Disopyramide]], [[Dofetilide]], [[Dolasetron]], [[Doxepin]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Droperidol]], [[Eribulin mesylate]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Grepafloxacin]], [[Halofantrine]], [[Haloperidol]], [[Ibutilide]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indapamide]], [[Ketanserin]], [[Ketoconazole]], [[Lidoflazine]], [[Lubeluzole]], [[Methadone]], [[Methadyl acetate]], [[Midodrine]], [[Mizolastine]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Naratriptan]], [[Nicardipine]], [[Nilotinib]], [[Ondansetron]], [[Pasireotide]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Pimozide]], [[Piperaquine]], [[Prenylamine]], [[Probucol]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propoxyphene]], [[Quinidine]], [[Quinine]], [[Ranolazine]], [[Retigabine]], [[Ritodrine]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Saquinavir]], [[Sertindole]], [[Sotalol]], [[Sparfloxacin]], [[Tedisamil]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Terfenadine]], [[Terodiline]], [[Tetrabenazine]], [[Thioridazine]], [[Vandetanib]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Venlafaxine]], [[Vernakalant]], [[Voriconazole]], [[Vorinostat]], [[Ziprasidone]], [[Zotepine]], [[Zuclopenthixol]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Psychiatric''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Timothy syndrome]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Pulmonary''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Renal / Electrolyte''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Sexual''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Trauma''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Urologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Dental''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypothermia]], [[Acute starvation]] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
{{MultiCol}} | |||
*[[Acute starvation]] | |||
*[[Alimemazine]] | |||
*[[Almokalant]] | |||
*[[Amiodarone]] | |||
*[[Amitriptyline]] | |||
*[[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]] | |||
*[[Anorexia nervosa]] | |||
*[[Arsenic trioxide]] | |||
*[[Arsenicals]] | |||
*[[Asenapine]] | |||
*[[Astemizole]] | |||
*[[Azimilide]] | |||
*[[Azithromycin]] | |||
*[[Bepridil]] | |||
*[[Bretylium]] | |||
*[[Budipine]] | |||
*[[Cesium]] | |||
*[[Chloroquine]] | |||
*[[Cibenzoline]] | |||
*[[Cisapride]] | |||
*[[Citalopram]] | |||
*[[Clomipramine]] | |||
*[[Clozapine]] | |||
*[[Crizotinib]] | |||
*[[Desipramine]] | |||
*[[Diphenhydramine]] | |||
*[[Disopyramide]] | |||
*[[Dofetilide]] | |||
*[[Dolasetron]] | |||
*[[Doxepin]] | |||
*[[Dronedarone]] | |||
*[[Droperidol]] | |||
*[[Eribulin mesylate]] | |||
*[[Fluconazole]] | |||
*[[Grepafloxacin]] | |||
*[[Halofantrine]] | |||
*[[Haloperidol]] | |||
*[[Hyperkalaemia]] | |||
*[[Hypocalcaemia]] | |||
*[[Hypoglycaemia]] | |||
*[[Hypokalaemia]] | |||
*[[Hypomagnesemia]] | |||
*[[Hypothermia]] | |||
*[[Hypothyroidism]] | |||
*[[Ibutilide]] | |||
*[[Imipramine]] | |||
*[[Indapamide]] | |||
*[[Ischaemic heart disease]] | |||
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]] | |||
*[[Ketanserin]] | |||
*[[Ketoconazole]] | |||
{{ColBreak}} | |||
*[[Lidoflazine]] | |||
*[[Lubeluzole]] | |||
*[[Methadone]] | |||
*[[Methadyl acetate]] | |||
*[[Midodrine]] | |||
*[[Mizolastine]] | |||
*[[Moxifloxacin]] | |||
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]] | |||
*[[Naratriptan]] | |||
*[[Nicardipine]] | |||
*[[Nilotinib]] | |||
*[[Ondansetron]] | |||
*[[Pasireotide]] | |||
*[[Pazopanib]] | |||
*[[Pentamidine]] | |||
*[[Pimozide]] | |||
*[[Piperaquine]] | |||
*[[Prenylamine]] | |||
*[[Probucol]] | |||
*[[Procainamide]] | |||
*[[Propoxyphene]] | |||
*[[Quinidine]] | |||
*[[Quinine]] | |||
*[[Ranolazine]] | |||
*[[Retigabine]] | |||
*[[Ritodrine]] | |||
*[[Ritonavir]] | |||
*[[Romano-Ward syndrome]] | |||
*[[Saquinavir]] | |||
*[[Sertindole]] | |||
*[[Sotalol]] | |||
*[[Sparfloxacin]] | |||
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] | |||
*[[Tedisamil]] | |||
*[[Telithromycin]] | |||
*[[Terfenadine]] | |||
*[[Terodiline]] | |||
*[[Tetrabenazine]] | |||
*[[Thioridazine]] | |||
*[[Timothy syndrome]] | |||
*[[Vandetanib]] | |||
*[[Vemurafenib]] | |||
*[[Venlafaxine]] | |||
*[[Vernakalant]] | |||
*[[Voriconazole]] | |||
*[[Vorinostat]] | |||
*[[Zero gravity]] | |||
*[[Ziprasidone]] | |||
*[[Zotepine]] | |||
*[[Zuclopenthixol]] | |||
{{EndMultiCol}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:37, 21 October 2012
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Overview
Causes
Common Causes
Drugs
Drug induced QT prolongation is usually a result of treatment by anti-arrhythmic drugs or a number of other drugs that have been reported to cause this problem (e.g. cisapride). Some anti-psychotic drugs, such as Haloperidol and Ziprasidone, have a prolonged QT interval as a rare side effect. Genetic mutations may make one more susceptible to drug induced QT prolongation.
Long QT Syndrome
Genetic abnormalities cause the Long QT Syndrome.
Electrolyte Disturbances
Electrolyte disturbances such as hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, and hypomagnesemia can cause QT prolongation.
Neurologic Events
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and other intracranial events can cause QT prolongation. Widely slayed cerebral T waves are often seen as well.
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa and starvation can cause QT prolongation.