Ventricular septal defect epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Ventricular septal defect}} | {{Ventricular septal defect}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [[mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]]; {{CZ}}; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@ | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [[mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]]; {{CZ}}; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Revision as of 21:18, 1 November 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
The ventricular septal defect is the commonest congenital cardiac malformation with an incidence of 3 to 3.5 per 1,000 live births [1], corresponding to 30% of all newborns with a congenital heart defect. There is no predilection based on sex. Incidence rates are similar in different races and seasons and are unrelated to maternal age, birth order, sex, and socioeconomic status. Congential VSDs are frequently associated with other congential conditions, such as Down syndrome. [2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence in United States of America
Only in the United States, there are approximately 1 million adults with congenital heart disease, with 20,000 new patients reaching adolescence each year.
Age
Pediatrics
- The incidence has been found to be approximately 3 to 3.5 infants per 1000 live births [1].
Adults
- The prevalence of ventricular septal defects is less in adults compared to the infants. This might be due to the fact that many small ventricular septal defects have spontaneous closure in childhood [3], [4]. Due to the improvement in early diagnosis in childhood and improved medical, surgical and ICU care, the number of adults will continue to rise. However, despite improved survival to adulthood, many patients will continue to have problems with residual shunts, valvular heart disease, ventricular dysfunction, heart failure and arrhythmias. The risk of sudden death in adults with congenital heart disease is nearly 25-50 times greater than would be expected for their age.
- In adults (without congenital heart defects), a VSD can form a few days after a myocardial infarction (heart attack). It might be due to mechanical tearing of the septal wall, before scar tissue forms and macrophages start remodeling the dead (heart) tissue.
Gender
There is no predilection based on gender.
Race
There is no significant difference in incidences of ventricular septal defects based on race.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hoffman JI, Kaplan S (2002). "The incidence of congenital heart disease". J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (12): 1890–900. PMID 12084585.
- ↑ Giuliani et al, Cardiology: Fundamentals and Practice, Second Edition, Mosby Year Book, Boston, 1991.
- ↑ Du ZD, Roguin N, Wu XJ (1998). "Spontaneous closure of muscular ventricular septal defect identified by echocardiography in neonates". Cardiol Young. 8 (4): 500–5. PMID 9855105.
- ↑ Kidd L, Driscoll DJ, Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Keane JF, O'Fallon WM; et al. (1993). "Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Results of treatment of patients with ventricular septal defects". Circulation. 87 (2 Suppl): I38–51. PMID 8425321.