Bone pain: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:31, 14 November 2012

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Ostealgia; Osteodynia.

Overview

Bone pain is a debilitating form of pain emanating from the bone tissue. It occurs as a result of a wide range of diseases and/or physical conditions and may severely impair the quality of life for patients who suffer from it.^[1] Bone pain has multiple causes, such as extensive physical stress and diseases such as cancer.^[2]^[3] For many years it has been known that bones are innervated with sensory neurons. Yet their exact anatomy remained obscure due to the contrasting physical properties of bone and neural tissue.^[4] However, until recently, it was not determined what types of nerves innervated which sections of bone.^[5] The periosteal layer of bone tissue is highly pain-sensitive and an important cause of pain in several disease conditions causing bone pain, like fractures, osteoarthritis, etc. However, in certain diseases the endosteal and haversian nerve supply seems to play an important role, e.g. osteomalacia, osteonecrosis, and so on.^[6] Thus there are several types of bone pain, each with many potential sources or origins of cause.

Diseases affecting bones

viral illness (such as a cold that has spread to the bones/joints)
leukemia (blasts that have surfaced to the top of the bone, often with tenderness)less common)
blood infection (anemia/other)
trauma to the bone (such as a fall)
arthritis pain
weather changes
fibromyalgia (widespread body pain with tenderness)
Cancer - can be primary bone tumor or spread from another cancer known as a Bony metastasis.
Paget's disease
Osteoporosis

Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Bone pain

In alphabetical order. ^[7] ^[8]

Acute leukemia
Asceptic bone necrosis
Benign bone tumor
Breast Cancer
Brodie's Abscess
Bronchial carcinoma
Cystic subcartilaginous osteolyses
Drugs
Fibrous dysplasia
Fractures
Fractures without appropriate trauma
Gaucher's Disease
Hypernephroma
Jaffe-Lichtenstein Syndrome
Malignant bone tumor
Metastases
Multiple Myeloma
Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
Other injuries
Paget's Disease
Polio
Primary/secondary hyperparathyroidism
Prostate Cancer
Renal osteopathy
Sickle Cell Anemia
Syphilis
Thyroid Cancer
Tuberculosis
Vitamin C deficiency

Prognosis

The bone pain will most likely stop if the cause is identified.

References

↑ Luger, N. Mach, D. Sevcik, M. Mantyh, P. (2005). Bone cancer pain: From mechanism to model to therapy. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 29(5): 32-46.
↑ Zwas, T. Elkanovitch, R. George, F. (1987). Interpretation and Classification of Bone Scintigraphic Findings in Stress Fractures. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 28: 452-457.
↑ Mantyh, P. Clohisy, D. Koltzenburg, M. Hunt, S. (2002). Molecular Mechanism of Cancer Pain. Nature Reviews: Cancer. 2: 201-209.
↑ McCredie J (2007). Nerves in bone: the silent partners. Skeletal Radiology. 36: 473–475.
↑ Mach, D. Rogers, S. Sabino, M. Luger, N. Schwei, M. Pomonis, J. Keyser, C. Clohisy, D. Adams, D. O’leary, P. Mantyh, P. (2002). Origins of skeletal pain: Sensory and sympathetic innervation of the mouse femur. Neuroscience. 113(1):155-166.
↑ "Bone Pain Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment".
↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

External links

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Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Mantyh-1] Luger, N. Mach, D. Sevcik, M. Mantyh, P. (2005). Bone cancer pain: From mechanism to model to therapy. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 29(5): 32-46.

[fracture_cause_pain-2] Zwas, T. Elkanovitch, R. George, F. (1987). Interpretation and Classification of Bone Scintigraphic Findings in Stress Fractures. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 28: 452-457.

[mechanismcancer-3] Mantyh, P. Clohisy, D. Koltzenburg, M. Hunt, S. (2002). Molecular Mechanism of Cancer Pain. Nature Reviews: Cancer. 2: 201-209.

[McCredie-4] McCredie J (2007). Nerves in bone: the silent partners. Skeletal Radiology. 36: 473–475.

[Mach-5] Mach, D. Rogers, S. Sabino, M. Luger, N. Schwei, M. Pomonis, J. Keyser, C. Clohisy, D. Adams, D. O’leary, P. Mantyh, P. (2002). Origins of skeletal pain: Sensory and sympathetic innervation of the mouse femur. Neuroscience. 113(1):155-166.

[6] "Bone Pain Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment".

[7] Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016

[8] Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
    Name           = Bone pain |
@@ Line 18: / Line 19: @@
 {{SK}} Ostealgia; Osteodynia.
 ==Overview==
-'''Bone pain''' is generally referred to as having [[pain]] within the affected bone. The cause of bone pain is unknown, unless further testing is done ([[Complete blood count|CBC]], [[x-rays]], exc.) Mostly, the cause is some underlying medical disorder or past [[Physical trauma|trauma]].
+'''Bone pain''' is a debilitating form of [[pain]] emanating from the [[bone]] tissue. It occurs as a result of a wide range of diseases and/or physical conditions and may severely impair the quality of life for patients who suffer from it.<ref name=Mantyh>Luger, N. Mach, D. Sevcik, M. Mantyh, P. (2005). Bone cancer pain: From mechanism to model to therapy. ''Journal of Pain and Symptom Management''. 29(5): 32-46.</ref> Bone pain has multiple causes, such as extensive physical stress and diseases such as [[cancer]].<ref name="fracture cause pain">Zwas, T. Elkanovitch, R. George, F. (1987). Interpretation and Classification of Bone Scintigraphic Findings in Stress Fractures. ''Journal of Nuclear Medicine''. 28: 452-457.</ref><ref name=mechanismcancer>Mantyh, P. Clohisy, D. Koltzenburg, M. Hunt, S. (2002).  Molecular Mechanism of Cancer Pain. ''Nature Reviews: Cancer''. 2: 201-209.</ref>
+For many years it has been known that bones are innervated with sensory neurons. Yet their exact anatomy remained obscure due to the contrasting physical properties of bone and neural tissue.<ref name=McCredie>McCredie J (2007). Nerves in bone: the silent partners. ''Skeletal Radiology''. 36: 473–475.</ref> However, until recently, it was not determined what types of nerves innervated which sections of bone.<ref name=Mach>Mach, D. Rogers, S. Sabino, M. Luger, N. Schwei, M. Pomonis, J. Keyser, C. Clohisy, D. Adams, D. O’leary, P. Mantyh, P. (2002). Origins of skeletal pain: Sensory and sympathetic innervation of the mouse femur. ''Neuroscience''. 113(1):155-166.</ref> The periosteal layer of bone tissue is highly pain-sensitive and an important cause of pain in several disease conditions causing bone pain, like fractures, osteoarthritis, etc. However, in certain diseases the endosteal and haversian nerve supply seems to play an important role, e.g. osteomalacia, osteonecrosis, and so on.<ref>{{cite web
+ | title = Bone Pain Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
+ | url = http://www.bonepains.org/
+}}</ref><!-- ref for two different patterns of bone pain due to specific involvement of regional nerves.  --> Thus there are several types of bone pain, each with many potential sources or origins of cause.
 ==Diseases affecting bones==