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The earliest reference to tapeworms were found in the works of [[ancient Egypt]]ians that date back to almost 2000 BC.<ref name="four">Wadia, NH, Singh, G. “Taenia Solium: A Historical Note” Taenia Solium Cysticercosis: From Basic to Clinical Science CABI Publishing, 2002. 157-168.</ref> The description of measled pork in the ''[[History of Animals]]'' written by [[Aristotle]] (384–322 BC) showed that the infection of pork with tapeworm was known to [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] at that time.<ref name="four" /> It was also known to Jewish<ref>Ancient Hebrew Medicine <http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/6309/1/Ancient-Hebrew-Medicine.html></ref> and later to [[Medicine in medieval Islam|early Muslim physicians]] and has been proposed as one of the reasons for pork being forbidden by [[Kashrut|Jewish]] and [[Islamic dietary laws]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Neurocysticercosis|last=Oscar H. del Brutto, Brutto Et Al|first=Julio Sotelo, Gustavo C. Román|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|year=1998|isbn=90-265-1513-8|page=3|postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> Recent examination of evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites and DNA evidence show that over 10,000 years ago, ancestors of modern humans in Africa became exposed to tapeworm when they scavenged for food or preyed on antelopes and bovids, and later passed the infection on to domestic animals such as pigs.<ref name="seven">http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may01/worms0501.htm</ref> | The earliest reference to tapeworms were found in the works of [[ancient Egypt]]ians that date back to almost 2000 BC.<ref name="four">Wadia, NH, Singh, G. “Taenia Solium: A Historical Note” Taenia Solium Cysticercosis: From Basic to Clinical Science CABI Publishing, 2002. 157-168.</ref> The description of measled pork in the ''[[History of Animals]]'' written by [[Aristotle]] (384–322 BC) showed that the infection of pork with tapeworm was known to [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] at that time.<ref name="four" /> It was also known to Jewish<ref>Ancient Hebrew Medicine <http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/6309/1/Ancient-Hebrew-Medicine.html></ref> and later to [[Medicine in medieval Islam|early Muslim physicians]] and has been proposed as one of the reasons for pork being forbidden by [[Kashrut|Jewish]] and [[Islamic dietary laws]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Neurocysticercosis|last=Oscar H. del Brutto, Brutto Et Al|first=Julio Sotelo, Gustavo C. Román|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|year=1998|isbn=90-265-1513-8|page=3|postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> Recent examination of evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites and DNA evidence show that over 10,000 years ago, ancestors of modern humans in Africa became exposed to tapeworm when they scavenged for food or preyed on antelopes and bovids, and later passed the infection on to domestic animals such as pigs.<ref name="seven">http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may01/worms0501.htm</ref> | ||
An African cysticercosis research was allegedly referred to by [[Du Huan]] in the 8 c. China.{{fact|date=October 2012}} | |||
Cysticercosis was described by Johannes Udalric Rumler in 1555; however, the connection between tapeworms and cysticercosis had not been recognized at that time.<ref name="five">Cox, F.E.G. “History of Human Parasitology” Clinical Microbiology Reviews. October 2002. 15(4) 595-612.</ref> Around 1850, [[Friedrich Küchenmeister]] fed pork containing cysticerci of ''T. solium'' to humans awaiting execution in a prison, and after they had been executed, he recovered the developing and adult tapeworms in their intestines.<ref name="four" /><ref name="five" /> By the middle of the 19th century, it was established that cysticercosis was caused by the ingestion of the eggs of ''T. solium''.<ref name="six">Küchenmeister, F. The Cysticercus cellulosus transformed within the organism of man into ''Taenia solium''. Lancet 1861 i:39.</ref> | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
==Historical Perspective]]
The earliest reference to tapeworms were found in the works of ancient Egyptians that date back to almost 2000 BC.[1] The description of measled pork in the History of Animals written by Aristotle (384–322 BC) showed that the infection of pork with tapeworm was known to ancient Greeks at that time.[1] It was also known to Jewish[2] and later to early Muslim physicians and has been proposed as one of the reasons for pork being forbidden by Jewish and Islamic dietary laws.[3] Recent examination of evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites and DNA evidence show that over 10,000 years ago, ancestors of modern humans in Africa became exposed to tapeworm when they scavenged for food or preyed on antelopes and bovids, and later passed the infection on to domestic animals such as pigs.[4] An African cysticercosis research was allegedly referred to by Du Huan in the 8 c. China.[citation needed]
Cysticercosis was described by Johannes Udalric Rumler in 1555; however, the connection between tapeworms and cysticercosis had not been recognized at that time.[5] Around 1850, Friedrich Küchenmeister fed pork containing cysticerci of T. solium to humans awaiting execution in a prison, and after they had been executed, he recovered the developing and adult tapeworms in their intestines.[1][5] By the middle of the 19th century, it was established that cysticercosis was caused by the ingestion of the eggs of T. solium.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Wadia, NH, Singh, G. “Taenia Solium: A Historical Note” Taenia Solium Cysticercosis: From Basic to Clinical Science CABI Publishing, 2002. 157-168.
- ↑ Ancient Hebrew Medicine <http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/6309/1/Ancient-Hebrew-Medicine.html>
- ↑ Oscar H. del Brutto, Brutto, Julio Sotelo, Gustavo C. Román; et al. (1998). Neurocysticercosis. Taylor and Francis. p. 3. ISBN 90-265-1513-8.
- ↑ http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may01/worms0501.htm
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cox, F.E.G. “History of Human Parasitology” Clinical Microbiology Reviews. October 2002. 15(4) 595-612.
- ↑ Küchenmeister, F. The Cysticercus cellulosus transformed within the organism of man into Taenia solium. Lancet 1861 i:39.