Nocardiosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Common Symptoms== | ==Common Symptoms== | ||
Overall, 80% of nocardiosis cases present as invasive [[pulmonary]] [[infection]], disseminated infection, or [[brain abscess]]; 20% present as [[cellulitis]]. Pulmonary infection commonly presents with [[fever]], [[cough]], or chest pain. [[Central nervous system]] (CNS) symptoms include headache, [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, or sudden onset of neurologic deficit. | Overall, 80% of nocardiosis cases present as invasive [[pulmonary]] [[infection]], disseminated infection, or [[brain abscess]]; 20% present as [[cellulitis]]. Pulmonary infection commonly presents with [[fever]], [[cough]], or chest pain. [[Central nervous system]] (CNS) symptoms include headache, [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, or sudden onset of neurologic deficit. | ||
Pulmonary Infection | ;Pulmonary Infection | ||
* night [[sweat]]s, [[fever]], [[cough]], chest pain | * night [[sweat]]s, [[fever]], [[cough]], chest pain | ||
* Pulmonary nocardiosis is subacute in onset and refractory to standard antibiotherapy | * Pulmonary nocardiosis is subacute in onset and refractory to standard antibiotherapy | ||
* symptoms are more severe in [[immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] individuals | * symptoms are more severe in [[immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] individuals | ||
* radiologic studies show multiple pulmonary infiltrates with tendency to central necrosis | * radiologic studies show multiple pulmonary infiltrates with tendency to central necrosis | ||
Neurological Infection | ;Neurological Infection | ||
*[[Headache]], [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, sudden onset of neurological deficit | *[[Headache]], [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, sudden onset of neurological deficit | ||
* [[CT scan]] shows cerebral abscess | * [[CT scan]] shows cerebral abscess | ||
* Nocardial meningitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose | * Nocardial meningitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose | ||
Lymphocutaneous disease | ;Lymphocutaneous disease | ||
* [[Nocardial cellulitis]] is akin of [[erysipela]] but is more subacute | * [[Nocardial cellulitis]] is akin of [[erysipela]] but is more subacute | ||
* [[Nodular lymphangeitis]] mimics sporotrichosis with multiple nodules alongside a lymphatic pathway | * [[Nodular lymphangeitis]] mimics sporotrichosis with multiple nodules alongside a lymphatic pathway | ||
* [[Mycetoma]] is a rare complication and osteitis may ensue . | * [[Mycetoma]] is a rare complication and osteitis may ensue . | ||
Ocular disease | ;Ocular disease | ||
* Very rarely nocardiae cause [[keratitis]] | * Very rarely nocardiae cause [[keratitis]] | ||
* Gennerally there is a history of ocular trauma | * Gennerally there is a history of ocular trauma | ||
Disseminated nocardiosis | ;Disseminated nocardiosis | ||
* Disseminated infection can occur in very immunocompromised patients | * Disseminated infection can occur in very immunocompromised patients | ||
*It generally involves both lungs and brain | *It generally involves both lungs and brain | ||
Revision as of 17:41, 26 November 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
History
Common Symptoms
Overall, 80% of nocardiosis cases present as invasive pulmonary infection, disseminated infection, or brain abscess; 20% present as cellulitis. Pulmonary infection commonly presents with fever, cough, or chest pain. Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms include headache, lethargy, confusion, seizures, or sudden onset of neurologic deficit.
- Pulmonary Infection
- night sweats, fever, cough, chest pain
- Pulmonary nocardiosis is subacute in onset and refractory to standard antibiotherapy
- symptoms are more severe in immunocompromised individuals
- radiologic studies show multiple pulmonary infiltrates with tendency to central necrosis
- Neurological Infection
- Headache, lethargy, confusion, seizures, sudden onset of neurological deficit
- CT scan shows cerebral abscess
- Nocardial meningitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose
- Lymphocutaneous disease
- Nocardial cellulitis is akin of erysipela but is more subacute
- Nodular lymphangeitis mimics sporotrichosis with multiple nodules alongside a lymphatic pathway
- Mycetoma is a rare complication and osteitis may ensue .
- Ocular disease
- Very rarely nocardiae cause keratitis
- Gennerally there is a history of ocular trauma
- Disseminated nocardiosis
- Disseminated infection can occur in very immunocompromised patients
- It generally involves both lungs and brain
- Fever, moderate or very high can be seen
- Multiple cavitating pulmonary infiltrates develop
- Cerebral abscesses arise later
- Cutaneous lesions are very rarely seen
- If untreated, the prognosis is grim for this form of disease