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	Opportunistic infection
	Classification and external resources
MeSH	D009894

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Revision as of 19:59, 26 November 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens, particularly opportunistic pathogens—those that take advantage of certain situations—such as bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan infections that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host, one with a healthy immune system. A compromised immune system, however, presents an "opportunity" for the pathogen to infect.

Causes

Immunodeficiency or immunosuppression can be caused by:

Malnutrition
Fatigue
Recurrent infections
Immunosuppressing agents for organ transplant recipients
Advanced HIV infection
Chemotherapy for cancer
Genetic predisposition
Skin damage
Antibiotic treatment
Medical procedures
Pregnancy

Types of infections

These infections include:

Acinetobacter baumanni
Aspergillus sp.
Candida albicans
Clostridium difficile
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium
Cytomegalovirus
Geomyces destructans
Histoplasma capsulatum
Isospora belli
Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus, the virus that causes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Kaposi's Sarcoma caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
Legionnaires' Disease (Legionella pneumophila)
Microsporidium
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium)
Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii f. hominis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Toxoplasma gondii

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of opportunistic infection, but usually involves different antibiotics.

Veterinary treatment

Opportunistic infections caused by Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline immunodeficiency virus retroviral infections can be treated with Lymphocyte T-Cell Immune Modulator.

References

ar:عدوى انتهازية bs:Oportunistička infekcija cs:Oportunní infekce de:Opportunistischer Erreger el:Ευκαιριακή λοίμωξη fa:عفونت فرصت‌طلب id:Infeksi oportunistik is:Tækifærissýking it:Infezione opportunistica nl:Opportunistische infectie sl:Oportunistična okužba sv:Opportunistisk infektion ta:தருணத் தொற்று th:การติดเชื้อฉวยโอกาส uk:Опортуністична інфекція

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+__NOTOC__
+{{Infobox disease
+ | Name           = Opportunistic infection
+ | Image          =
+ | Caption        =
+ | DiseasesDB     =
+ | ICD10          =
+ | ICD9           =
+ | ICDO           =
+ | OMIM           =
+ | MedlinePlus    =
+ | eMedicineSubj  =
+ | eMedicineTopic =
+ | MeshID         = D009894
+}}
 {{SI}}
 {{CMG}}
+==Overview==
+An '''opportunistic infection''' is an infection caused by [[pathogen]]s, particularly [[Opportunism|opportunistic]] pathogens—those that take advantage of certain situations—such as bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan infections that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host,  one with a healthy immune system. A [[Immunodeficiency|compromised immune system]], however, presents an "opportunity" for the pathogen to infect.
-==Overview==
-'''Opportunistic infections''' are infections caused by organisms that usually do not cause disease in a person with a healthy [[immune system]], but can affect people with a poorly functioning or suppressed [[immune system]]. They need an "opportunity" to infect a person.
 ==Causes==
-[[Immunodeficiency]] or [[immunosuppression]] can be caused by:
+Immunodeficiency or [[immunosuppression]] can be caused by:
 * [[Malnutrition]]
+* [[Fatigue_(medical)|Fatigue]]
 * Recurrent [[infection]]s
-* Immunosuppressing agents for [[organ transplant]] recipients
+* [[Immunosuppressive drug|Immunosuppressing agents]] for [[organ transplant]] recipients
+* Advanced [[HIV]] infection
 * [[Chemotherapy]] for [[cancer]]
-* [[AIDS]] or [[HIV]]-infection
 * [[genetics|Genetic]] predisposition
 * [[Skin]] damage
 * [[Antibiotic]] treatment
 * Medical procedures
+* Pregnancy
 ==Types of infections==
+{{See|Immunodeficiency}}
 These infections include:
-* [[Pneumocystis pneumonia |''Pneumocystis jirovecii'']], previously known as [[Pneumocystis pneumonia |''Pneumocystis carinii'' f. ''hominis'']]
+* ''[[Acinetobacter baumanni]]''
+* ''[[Aspergillus]]'' sp.
 * ''[[Candida albicans]]''
+* ''[[Clostridium difficile]]''
+* ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]''
+* ''[[Cryptosporidium]]''
+* ''[[Cytomegalovirus]]''
+* ''[[Geomyces destructans]]''
+* ''[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]''
+* ''[[Isospora belli]]''
+* ''[[JC virus|Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus]]'', the virus that causes [[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]].
+* ''[[Kaposi's Sarcoma]] caused by [[Human herpesvirus 8]] (HHV8)'', also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
+* ''[[Legionellosis|Legionnaires' Disease (Legionella pneumophila)]]''
+* ''[[Microsporidium]]''
+* ''[[Mycobacterium avium complex]] (MAC) (Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium)''
+* [[Pneumocystis pneumonia|''Pneumocystis jirovecii'']], previously known as ''[[Pneumocystis carinii]]'' f. ''[[hominis]]''
+* ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''
 * ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
+* ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''
 * ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''
-* ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''
-* ''[[Acinetobacter baumanni]]''
 * ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
-* ''[[Cytomegalovirus]]''
-* ''[[Aspergillus]]'' sp.
-* ''[[Kaposi's Sarcoma]]'' <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
 ==Treatment==
 Treatment depends on the type of opportunistic infection, but usually involves different  [[antibiotic]]s.
-==Related Chapters==
+==Veterinary treatment==
-*[[HIV opportunistic infections]]
+Opportunistic infections caused by [[Feline Leukemia Virus]] and [[Feline immunodeficiency virus]] [[retroviral]] infections can be treated with [[Lymphocyte T-Cell Immune Modulator]].
 ==References==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+{{reflist|2}}
-{{commonscat|Opportunistic pathogens}}
+{{commons category|Opportunistic pathogens}}
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
+[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
 [[Category:Immunology]]
 [[Category:Immune system disorders]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}
+[[ar:عدوى انتهازية]]
+[[bs:Oportunistička infekcija]]
+[[cs:Oportunní infekce]]
+[[de:Opportunistischer Erreger]]
+[[el:Ευκαιριακή λοίμωξη]]
+[[es:Infección oportunista]]
+[[fa:عفونت فرصت‌طلب]]
+[[fr:Maladie opportuniste]]
+[[id:Infeksi oportunistik]]
+[[is:Tækifærissýking]]
+[[it:Infezione opportunistica]]
+[[nl:Opportunistische infectie]]
+[[ja:日和見感染]]
+[[pl:Zakażenie oportunistyczne]]
+[[pt:Doença oportunista]]
+[[ru:Оппортунистические заболевания]]
+[[sl:Oportunistična okužba]]
+[[sv:Opportunistisk infektion]]
+[[ta:தருணத் தொற்று]]
+[[th:การติดเชื้อฉวยโอกาส]]
+[[uk:Опортуністична інфекція]]
+[[zh:机会性感染]]

Opportunistic infection
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D009894