Cyclosporiasis: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}
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==Overview==
==[[Cyclosporiasis overview|Overview]]==
'''''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]''''' is a pathogenic [[protozoan]] transmitted by [[feces]] or feces-contaminated fresh produce and water.  [[Outbreak]]s have been reported in imported raspberries.  Fortunately it is not spread from person to person.  It is commonly the cause of [[diarrhea]] for many travelers.
==Mode of infection==
When an [[oocyst]] of [[C. cayetanensis|''C. cayetanensis'']] enters the [[small intestine]] and invades the [[mucosa]] it incubates for about one week.  After incubation the person begins to experience severe watery diarrhea, bloating, fever, stomach cramps, and muscle aches. 
Oocyst can be present due to using contaminated water or human feces as fertilizer. They primarily effect humans and other primates.


==Diagnosis and treatment==
==[[Cyclosporiasis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
[[Diagnosis]] can be difficult due to the lack of recognizable oocysts in the feces.  Using tests like [[PCR]]-based [[DNA]] tests and [[Ziehl-Neelsen stain|acid-fast staining]] can help with idenfication. The infection is often treated with [[trimethoprim]] and [[sulfamethoxazole]], because traditional anti-protozoan drugs are not sufficient.  To prevent the transmission through food, cook or freeze food and try to avoid drinking stream water while outdoors.


==References==
==[[Cyclosporiasis causes|Causes]]==
*Talaro, Kathleen P.  "Foundations in Microbiology Fifth Edition."  New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 2005.


{{Protozoal diseases}}
==[[Cyclosporiasis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cyclosporiasis from other Diseases]]==


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==[[Cyclosporiasis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
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[[Category:Disease]]
==[[Cyclosporiasis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
[[Category:Protozoal disease]]
==[[Cyclosporiasis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
==Diagnosis==
[[Cyclosporiasis history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Cyclosporiasis physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Cyclosporiasis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]
==Treatment==
[[Cyclosporiasis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cyclosporiasis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]
==Case Studies==
[[Cyclosporiasis case study one|Case#1]]

Revision as of 21:21, 26 November 2012