Diphtheria epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
[[Image:Diphterie.png|thumb|left|Diphtheria cases reported to the World Health Organization between 1997 and 2006 (see description for legend).]] | [[Image:Diphterie.png|thumb|left|Diphtheria cases reported to the World Health Organization between 1997 and 2006 (see description for legend).]] | ||
*Diphtheria is | * Diphtheria is found worldwide; countries with endemic diphtheria are shown in Table below. | ||
* | * During the 1990s, large epidemics occurred in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. | ||
* More recently in the Americas, diphtheria outbreaks have occurred in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. | |||
*By 1998, according to [[Red Cross]] estimates, there were as many as 200,000 cases in the Commonwealth of Independent States, with 5,000 deaths. | * Diphtheria is uncommon in industrialized countries because of longstanding routine use of DTP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine). ''' | ||
* Diphtheria is rare in the United States; the last case occurred in an elderly traveler returning from Haiti in 2003. Diphtheria causes significant illness and death in developing countries where vaccination coverage is low. | |||
* By 1998, according to [[Red Cross]] estimates, there were as many as 200,000 cases in the Commonwealth of Independent States, with 5,000 deaths. | |||
*This was so great an increase that diphtheria was cited in the Guinness Book of World Records as "most resurgent disease". | *This was so great an increase that diphtheria was cited in the Guinness Book of World Records as "most resurgent disease". | ||
* Diphtheria is rare in the United States; the last case occurred in an elderly traveler returning from Haiti in 2003. Diphtheria causes significant illness and death in developing countries where vaccination coverage is low. | * Diphtheria is rare in the United States; the last case occurred in an elderly traveler returning from Haiti in 2003. Diphtheria causes significant illness and death in developing countries where vaccination coverage is low. | ||
'''Table 3-01. Countries with endemic diphtheria''' | |||
{| | |||
|-bgcolor="IndianRed" | |||
| REGION | |||
| COUNTRIES | |||
|-bgcolor="DarkSalmon" | |||
| Africa | |||
| Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia, and other sub- Saharan countries | |||
|-bgcolor="DarkSalmon" | |||
| America | |||
| Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, and Paraguay | |||
|-bgcolor="DarkSalmon" | |||
| Asia/South Pacific | |||
| Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam | |||
|-bgcolor="DarkSalmon" | |||
| Middle East | |||
| Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Yemen | |||
|-bgcolor="DarkSalmon" | |||
| Europe | |||
| Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 22: | Line 47: | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | |||
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Revision as of 19:03, 27 November 2012
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Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Diphtheria is found worldwide; countries with endemic diphtheria are shown in Table below.
- During the 1990s, large epidemics occurred in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union.
- More recently in the Americas, diphtheria outbreaks have occurred in Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
- Diphtheria is uncommon in industrialized countries because of longstanding routine use of DTP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine).
- Diphtheria is rare in the United States; the last case occurred in an elderly traveler returning from Haiti in 2003. Diphtheria causes significant illness and death in developing countries where vaccination coverage is low.
- By 1998, according to Red Cross estimates, there were as many as 200,000 cases in the Commonwealth of Independent States, with 5,000 deaths.
- This was so great an increase that diphtheria was cited in the Guinness Book of World Records as "most resurgent disease".
- Diphtheria is rare in the United States; the last case occurred in an elderly traveler returning from Haiti in 2003. Diphtheria causes significant illness and death in developing countries where vaccination coverage is low.
Table 3-01. Countries with endemic diphtheria
| REGION | COUNTRIES |
| Africa | Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia, and other sub- Saharan countries |
| America | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, and Paraguay |
| Asia/South Pacific | Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam |
| Middle East | Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Yemen |
| Europe | Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan |