Brucellosis medical therapy: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Brucellosis}} Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing. {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} ==O...") |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Brucellosis}} | {{Brucellosis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} | |||
==Medical Therapy== | |||
== | |||
Treatment can be difficult. Doctors can prescribe effective antibiotics. Usually, [[doxycycline]] and [[rifampin]] are used in combination for 6 weeks to prevent reoccuring infection. Depending on the timing of treatment and severity of illness, recovery may take a few weeks to several months. The use of more than one antibiotic is needed for several weeks, due to the fact that the bacteria incubates within [[cell (biology)|cell]]s. Mortality is low (<2%), and is usually associated with endocarditis <ref> http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo </ref>. | Treatment can be difficult. Doctors can prescribe effective antibiotics. Usually, [[doxycycline]] and [[rifampin]] are used in combination for 6 weeks to prevent reoccuring infection. Depending on the timing of treatment and severity of illness, recovery may take a few weeks to several months. The use of more than one antibiotic is needed for several weeks, due to the fact that the bacteria incubates within [[cell (biology)|cell]]s. Mortality is low (<2%), and is usually associated with endocarditis <ref> http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo </ref>. | ||
===Acute Pharmacotherapy=== | |||
The gold standard treatment for adults is daily intramuscular injections of [[streptomycin]] 1 g for 14 days and oral [[doxycycline]] 100 mg twice daily for 45 days (concurrently). [[Gentamicin]] 5 mg/kg by [[intramuscular injection]] once daily for 7 days is an acceptable substitute when streptomycin is not available or difficult to obtain.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Efficacy of gentamicin plus doxycycline versus streptomycin plus doxycycline in the treatment of brucellosis in humans | year=2006 | author=Roushan MRH, Mohraz M, Hajiahmadi M, Ramzani A, Valayati AA | journal=Clin Infect Dis | volume=42 | issue=8 | pages=1075–80 }}</ref> | The gold standard treatment for adults is daily intramuscular injections of [[streptomycin]] 1 g for 14 days and oral [[doxycycline]] 100 mg twice daily for 45 days (concurrently). [[Gentamicin]] 5 mg/kg by [[intramuscular injection]] once daily for 7 days is an acceptable substitute when streptomycin is not available or difficult to obtain.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Efficacy of gentamicin plus doxycycline versus streptomycin plus doxycycline in the treatment of brucellosis in humans | year=2006 | author=Roushan MRH, Mohraz M, Hajiahmadi M, Ramzani A, Valayati AA | journal=Clin Infect Dis | volume=42 | issue=8 | pages=1075–80 }}</ref> | ||
Another widely used regimen is doxycycline plus rifampin twice daily for at least 6 weeks. This regimen has the advantage of oral administration. | Another widely used regimen is doxycycline plus rifampin twice daily for at least 6 weeks. This regimen has the advantage of oral administration. | ||
A triple therapy of doxycycline, together with rifampin and cotrimoxazole has been used succefully to treat neurobrucellosis. <ref>{{cite journal | title= Neurobrucellosis: Clinical and therapeutic features | year=1992 | author=McLean DR, Russell N, Khan MY | journal=Clin Infect Dis | volume=15 | pages=582–90 }}</ref> | A triple therapy of doxycycline, together with [[rifampin]] and [[cotrimoxazole]] has been used succefully to treat neurobrucellosis. <ref>{{cite journal | title= Neurobrucellosis: Clinical and therapeutic features | year=1992 | author=McLean DR, Russell N, Khan MY | journal=Clin Infect Dis | volume=15 | pages=582–90 }}</ref> | ||
Doxycycline is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, but requires the addition of two other drugs to prevent relapse. Ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole therapy is associated with an unacceptably high rate of relapse. | Doxycycline is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, but requires the addition of two other drugs to prevent relapse. Ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole therapy is associated with an unacceptably high rate of relapse. | ||
In brucellic endocarditis surgery is required for an optimal outcome. | In brucellic endocarditis surgery is required for an optimal outcome. | ||
Even with optimal antibrucellic therapy relapses still occur in 5-10 percent of patients with Malta fever. | Even with optimal antibrucellic therapy relapses still occur in 5-10 percent of patients with Malta fever. | ||
Experiments have shown that cotrimoxyzol and rifampin are both safe drugs to use in treatment of pregnant women who have Brucellosis. | |||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Needs | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Occupational diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Zoonoses]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Biological weapons]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
Revision as of 15:05, 5 December 2012
|
Brucellosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Brucellosis medical therapy On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brucellosis medical therapy |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Brucellosis medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Medical Therapy
Treatment can be difficult. Doctors can prescribe effective antibiotics. Usually, doxycycline and rifampin are used in combination for 6 weeks to prevent reoccuring infection. Depending on the timing of treatment and severity of illness, recovery may take a few weeks to several months. The use of more than one antibiotic is needed for several weeks, due to the fact that the bacteria incubates within cells. Mortality is low (<2%), and is usually associated with endocarditis [1].
Acute Pharmacotherapy
The gold standard treatment for adults is daily intramuscular injections of streptomycin 1 g for 14 days and oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 45 days (concurrently). Gentamicin 5 mg/kg by intramuscular injection once daily for 7 days is an acceptable substitute when streptomycin is not available or difficult to obtain.[2] Another widely used regimen is doxycycline plus rifampin twice daily for at least 6 weeks. This regimen has the advantage of oral administration. A triple therapy of doxycycline, together with rifampin and cotrimoxazole has been used succefully to treat neurobrucellosis. [3] Doxycycline is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, but requires the addition of two other drugs to prevent relapse. Ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole therapy is associated with an unacceptably high rate of relapse.
In brucellic endocarditis surgery is required for an optimal outcome.
Even with optimal antibrucellic therapy relapses still occur in 5-10 percent of patients with Malta fever. Experiments have shown that cotrimoxyzol and rifampin are both safe drugs to use in treatment of pregnant women who have Brucellosis.
Reference
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo
- ↑ Roushan MRH, Mohraz M, Hajiahmadi M, Ramzani A, Valayati AA (2006). "Efficacy of gentamicin plus doxycycline versus streptomycin plus doxycycline in the treatment of brucellosis in humans". Clin Infect Dis. 42 (8): 1075&ndash, 80.
- ↑ McLean DR, Russell N, Khan MY (1992). "Neurobrucellosis: Clinical and therapeutic features". Clin Infect Dis. 15: 582&ndash, 90.