Chlamydia infection overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Chlamydia | The term ''Chlamydia'' refers to an infection by any one of the species in the bacterial genus ''[[Chlamydia (bacterium)|Chlamydia]]''—''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'', ''[[Chlamydia suis]]'' or ''[[Chlamydia muridarum]]''—, but of these, only ''C. trachomatis'' is found in humans.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.chlamydiae.com/docs/Chlamydiales/diagram/taxondiag.htm|title= www.chlamydiae.com (professional) - Taxonomy diagram|accessdate=2007-10-27 |format= |work=}}</ref> For a list of [[species]] formerly included in the [[genus]] ''Chlamydia'', please see ''[[Chlamydophila]]''.<ref>Taxonomic Outline of the Procaryotes, Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition Release 1.0, April 2001. [http://www.cme.msu.edu/Bergeys/april2001-genus.pdf]</ref>'' | ||
Chlamydia (from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]], χλαμύδος meaning "cloak") is a common [[sexually transmitted disease]] (STD) caused by the bacterium, ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''. Chlamydia is a major infectious cause of human eye and [[genital]] disease. | |||
== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in people worldwide — about 2.8 million cases of chlamydia infection occur in the [[United States]] each year.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/std/Chlamydia/STDFact-Chlamydia.htm Chlamydia fact sheet from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]</ref> | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
''C. trachomatis'' is naturally found living only inside human cells. Chlamydia can be transmitted during [[vaginal intercourse|vaginal]], [[anal sex|anal]], or [[oral sex]], and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal [[childbirth]]. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Symptoms=== | |||
Many people with Chlamydia exhibit no symptoms of infection. Between half and three-quarters of all women who have chlamydia have no symptoms and do not know that they are infected. | |||
==Complications== | |||
If untreated, chlamydial infections can cause serious reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences. Chlamydia is easily treated with antibiotics. | |||
Of equal importance, chlamydia infection of the eye is the most common cause of preventable [[blindness]] in the world. Blindness occurs as a complication of '''[[trachoma]]''' (chlamydia conjunctivitis).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Belland R, Ojcius D, Byrne G |title=Chlamydia |journal=Nat Rev Microbiol |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=530 – 1 |year=2004 |id=PMID 15248311}}</ref> | Of equal importance, chlamydia infection of the eye is the most common cause of preventable [[blindness]] in the world. Blindness occurs as a complication of '''[[trachoma]]''' (chlamydia conjunctivitis).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Belland R, Ojcius D, Byrne G |title=Chlamydia |journal=Nat Rev Microbiol |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=530 – 1 |year=2004 |id=PMID 15248311}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 20:00, 8 December 2012
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]
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Overview
The term Chlamydia refers to an infection by any one of the species in the bacterial genus Chlamydia—Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia suis or Chlamydia muridarum—, but of these, only C. trachomatis is found in humans.[1] For a list of species formerly included in the genus Chlamydia, please see Chlamydophila.[2] Chlamydia (from the Greek, χλαμύδος meaning "cloak") is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia is a major infectious cause of human eye and genital disease.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in people worldwide — about 2.8 million cases of chlamydia infection occur in the United States each year.[3]
Pathophysiology
C. trachomatis is naturally found living only inside human cells. Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth.
Diagnosis
Symptoms
Many people with Chlamydia exhibit no symptoms of infection. Between half and three-quarters of all women who have chlamydia have no symptoms and do not know that they are infected.
Complications
If untreated, chlamydial infections can cause serious reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences. Chlamydia is easily treated with antibiotics. Of equal importance, chlamydia infection of the eye is the most common cause of preventable blindness in the world. Blindness occurs as a complication of trachoma (chlamydia conjunctivitis).[4]
References
- ↑ "www.chlamydiae.com (professional) - Taxonomy diagram". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ↑ Taxonomic Outline of the Procaryotes, Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition Release 1.0, April 2001. [1]
- ↑ Chlamydia fact sheet from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- ↑ Belland R, Ojcius D, Byrne G (2004). "Chlamydia". Nat Rev Microbiol. 2 (7): 530 &ndash, 1. PMID 15248311.