Japanese encephalitis pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Pathophysiology

Etiologic agent

Culex mosquito laying eggs. (Photograph by Richard G. Weber)

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus: flavivirus antigenically related to St. Louis encephalitis virus

Transmission

• By rice field breeding mosquitoes (primarily Mosquito-borne Culex tritaeniorhynchus group) that become infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (a flavivirus antigenically related to St. Louis encephalitis virus).
• Mosquitoes become infected by feeding on domestic pigs and wild birds infected with the Japanese encephalitis virus. Infected mosquitoes then transmit the Japanese encephalitis virus to humans and animals during the feeding process.
• The Japanese encephalitis virus is amplified in the blood systems of domestic pigs and wild birds.
• Japanese encephalitis virus is NOT transmitted from person-to-person. For example, you cannot get the virus from touching or kissing a person who has the disease, or from a health care worker who has treated someone with the disease.
• Only domestic pigs and wild birds are carriers of the Japanese encephalitis virus.