Naegleria infection laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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{{Naegleria infection}} | {{Naegleria infection}} | ||
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==Overview== | |||
In Naegleria infections, the diagnosis can be made by microscopic examination of [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CSF). A wet mount may detect motile trophozoites, and a [[Giemsa-stained]] smear will show [[trophozoites]] with typical morphology. Confocal [[microscopy]] or cultivation of the causal [[organism]], and its identification by direct [[immunofluorescent]] antibody, may also prove useful. An increasing number of [[PCR]]-based techniques (conventional and real-time PCR) have been described for detection and identification of free-living amoebic infections in the clinical samples listed above. Such techniques may be available in selected reference diagnostic laboratories. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
===Microscopy=== | ===Microscopy=== | ||
'''A:''' Naegleria fowleri trophozoites, cultured from cerebrospinal fluid. These cells have characteristically large nuclei with a large, dark staining karyosome. The amebae are very active and extend and retract pseudopods. Trichrome stain. From a patient who died from primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Virginia. | '''A:''' Naegleria fowleri trophozoites, cultured from cerebrospinal fluid. These cells have characteristically large nuclei with a large, dark staining karyosome. The amebae are very active and extend and retract pseudopods. Trichrome stain. From a patient who died from primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Virginia. | ||
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Shown below is an image of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites stained with geinsa stain | Shown below is an image of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites stained with geinsa stain | ||
[[Image:Naegleria fowleri trophozoites.jpg|center|Naegleria fowleri trophozoites]] | [[Image:Naegleria fowleri trophozoites.jpg|center|Naegleria fowleri trophozoites]] | ||
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===Molecular Diagnosis=== | ===Molecular Diagnosis=== | ||
====Real-Time PCR==== | ====Real-Time PCR==== | ||
A [[real-time PCR]] was developed at CDC for identification of [[Acanthamoeba]] spp., [[Naegleria fowleri]], and [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] in clinical samples. This assay uses distinct primers and TaqMan probes for the simultaneous identification of these three parasites. | A [[real-time PCR]] was developed at CDC for identification of [[Acanthamoeba]] spp., [[Naegleria fowleri]], and [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] in clinical samples. This assay uses distinct primers and TaqMan probes for the simultaneous identification of these three parasites. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
Revision as of 18:36, 17 December 2012
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Naegleria Infection Microchapters |
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Naegleria infection laboratory findings On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Naegleria infection laboratory findings |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
In Naegleria infections, the diagnosis can be made by microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A wet mount may detect motile trophozoites, and a Giemsa-stained smear will show trophozoites with typical morphology. Confocal microscopy or cultivation of the causal organism, and its identification by direct immunofluorescent antibody, may also prove useful. An increasing number of PCR-based techniques (conventional and real-time PCR) have been described for detection and identification of free-living amoebic infections in the clinical samples listed above. Such techniques may be available in selected reference diagnostic laboratories.
Laboratory Findings
Microscopy
A: Naegleria fowleri trophozoites, cultured from cerebrospinal fluid. These cells have characteristically large nuclei with a large, dark staining karyosome. The amebae are very active and extend and retract pseudopods. Trichrome stain. From a patient who died from primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Virginia. Naegleria fowleri trophozoite.jpg|left|Naegleria fowleri trophozoite]]
B: Naegleria fowleri trophozoite in spinal fluid. Trichrome stain. Note the typically large karyosome and the monopodial locomotion. Image contributed by Texas State Health Department.
Shown below is an image of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites stained with geinsa stain
Molecular Diagnosis
Real-Time PCR
A real-time PCR was developed at CDC for identification of Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, and Balamuthia mandrillaris in clinical samples. This assay uses distinct primers and TaqMan probes for the simultaneous identification of these three parasites.