Rabies differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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The [[differential diagnosis]] in a case of suspected human rabies may initially include any cause of | The [[differential diagnosis]] in a case of suspected human rabies may initially include any cause of | ||
*[[ | *[[Encephalitis]] | ||
* | *Particularly infection with viruses such as: | ||
**[[herpesviridae| | **[[herpesviridae|Herpesviruses]], [[enteroviruses]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Arboviruses]](e.g., [[West Nile virus]]). | ||
*The most important viruses to rule out are: | *The most important viruses to rule out are: | ||
**[[ | **[[Herpes simplex virus]] type 1 | ||
**[[ | **[[Varicella-zoster virus]] | ||
**( | **(Less commonly) [[Enterovirus]]es including: | ||
***[[coxsackie virus| | ***[[coxsackie virus|Coxsackievirus]]es | ||
***[[ | ***[[Echovirus]]es | ||
***[[ | ***[[Poliovirus]]es | ||
*** | ***Human [[enterovirus]]es 68 to 71. | ||
*A specific diagnosis may be made by a variety of diagnostic techniques, including: | *A specific diagnosis may be made by a variety of diagnostic techniques, including: | ||
**[[ | **[[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) testing of: | ||
**[[ | **[[Cerebrospinal fluid]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Cell culture#Viral culture methods|viral culture]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Serology]]. | ||
*In addition, consideration should be given to the local [[epidemiology]] of [[encephalitis]] caused by arboviruses belonging to several [[taxonomy|taxonomic]] groups, including: | *In addition, consideration should be given to the local [[epidemiology]] of [[encephalitis]] caused by arboviruses belonging to several [[taxonomy|taxonomic]] groups, including: | ||
**[[Eastern equine encephalitis virus|eastern]] | **[[Eastern equine encephalitis virus|eastern]] | ||
Revision as of 18:55, 17 December 2012
The differential diagnosis for rabies deals with eliminating diseases with similar symptoms from the diagnosis. There are many viruses that can appear similar to rabies such as encephalitis and the herpes simplex virus. It is very important to rule out certain diseases such as echovirus and poliovirus. Rabies is a serious disease that needs to be treated quickly if someone is suspected to be infected with the virus.
- Encephalitis
- Particularly infection with viruses such as:
- The most important viruses to rule out are:
- Herpes simplex virus type 1
- Varicella-zoster virus
- (Less commonly) Enteroviruses including:
- Coxsackieviruses
- Echoviruses
- Polioviruses
- Human enteroviruses 68 to 71.
- A specific diagnosis may be made by a variety of diagnostic techniques, including:
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of:
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- viral culture
- Serology.
- In addition, consideration should be given to the local epidemiology of encephalitis caused by arboviruses belonging to several taxonomic groups, including:
New causes of viral encephalitis are also possible, as was evidenced by the recent outbreak in Malaysia of some 300 cases of encephalitis (mortality rate, 40%) caused by Nipah virus, a newly recognized paramyxovirus. Similarly, well-known viruses may be introduced into new locations, as is illustrated by the recent outbreak of encephalitis due to West Nile virus in the eastern United States. Epidemiologic factors (e.g., season, geographic location, and the patient’s age, travel history, and possible exposure to animal bites, rodents, and ticks) may help direct the diagnostic workup.