Japanese encephalitis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Less than 1% of people infected with Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus develop clinical illness. Mild infections occur without apparent symptoms other than fever with headache. More severe infection is marked by quick onset headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, occasional convulsions (especially in infants) and spastic (but rarely flaccid) paralysis.

History

Most human infections with Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus are asymptomatic; <1% of people infected develop clinical disease. Acute encephalitis is the most commonly recognized clinical manifestation. Milder forms of disease, such as aseptic meningitis or undifferentiated febrile illness, can also occur.

Common Symptoms

The incubation period for Japanese encephalitis is usually from 5 to 15 days.

• In persons who develop symptoms, the incubation period (time from infection until illness) is typically 5-15 days.
• Initial symptoms often include fever, headache, and vomiting.
• Mental status changes, neurologic symptoms, weakness, and movement disorders might develop over the next few days.
• Seizures are common, especially among children.
• More severe infection is marked by quick onset, headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, occasional convulsions (especially in infants) and spastic (but rarely flaccid) paralysis.