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| {{SK}} Soya allergy | | {{SK}} Soya allergy |
| ==Overview==
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| '''Soy allergy''' is a type of [[food allergy]]. Soy allergy ([[American English|U.S.]]) is one of the most common [[Food allergy|food allergies]].<ref>[http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Soy%20Allergens.html ''Nexus Magazine''] August-September, 2004; The Hidden Dangers of Soy Allergens by Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN, retrieved September 7, 2006</ref>
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| It is a hypersensitivity to [[diet (nutrition)|diet]]ary substances from [[soy]] causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms for millions of people<ref> National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics 2005 http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/allergystat.htm</ref>.
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| ===Food Sources of Soy Protein===
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| Many fast-food restaurants commonly use soy protein in hamburger buns (soy flour) hamburger meat (soy protein) and [[hydrolyzed vegetable protein]] (HVP) in sauces. On their respective web sites, McDonald's, Burger King and Wendy's list soy flour as an ingredient in their hamburger buns.<ref>[http://www.mcdonalds.com/app_controller.nutrition.categories.ingredients.index.html "McDonald's Nutrition Information and Ingredients"], August 26, 2006, retrieved September 7, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.bk.com/Nutrition/PDFs/ingredients.pdf ''McDonald's USA''] (11 page PDF file) "Burger King Nutrition and Ingredients" ''Burger King Brands Inc. USA'', August, 2006, retrieved September 7, 2006</ref><ref>[http://wendys.com/food/pdf/us/nutrition.pdf ''Wendy's USA''] (6 page PDF file) "Wendy's Nutrition Facts", July 1, 2006, retrieved September 7, 2006</ref> U.S. Nutrition Information Multi-grain breads, doughnuts, doughnut mix and pancake mix commonly contain soy flour.
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| Some products [for reasons having to do with national regulation of soy products] don't list soy protein or soy flour on their ingredients labels, yet they still contain soy. There are still many latent issues resolving how soy should be regulated.
| | ==[[Soy allergy overview|Overview]]== |
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| Studies show that most individuals who are allergic to soy protein may be able to safely consume soybean oil (not cold pressed, expeller pressed, or extruded oil) and soy [[lecithin]], as these products do not normally contain soy protein.<ref>[http://allergies.about.com/cs/soy/a/aa061499.htm ''about.com''] "Soy Allergy" August 13, 2006, retrieved September 7, 2006</ref>
| | ==[[Soy allergy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| Product containing soy protein include:
| | ==[[Soy allergy causes|Causes]]== |
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| *[[Edamame]]
| | ==[[Soy allergy differential diagnosis|Differentiating Soy Allergy from other Diseases]]== |
| *Miso
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| *Natto
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| *Shoyu sauce
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| *[[Soy]](soy albumin, soy fiber, soy flour, soy grits, soy milk, soy nuts, soy sprouts)
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| *Soya
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| *[[Soybean]] (curd, granules)
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| *Soybean butter
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| *[[Soy protein]] (concentrate, isolate)
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| *Soy sauce, tamari
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| *[[Tempeh]]
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| *[[Textured vegetable protein]] (TVP)
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| *[[Tofu]]
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| The following food additives may contain soy protein:
| | ==[[Soy allergy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| *[[Hydrolyzed vegetable protein]] (HVP)
| | ==[[Soy allergy risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| *Flavoring (including natural and artificial)
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| *Canned chicken broth
| | ==[[Soy allergy natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| *Vegetable broth, gum, and starch
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| *Bouillon cubes (beef, chicken, vegetable, etc.)
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| The [[Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America]] estimates soy is among the nine most common food allergens for pediatric and adult food allergy patients<ref> “Allergy Facts and Figures,” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=518</ref>.
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| ===History and Symptoms===
| | [[Soy allergy history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Soy allergy physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Soy allergy laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Soy allergy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Soy allergy other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| Soy allergy can also manifest itself as [[urticaria]], [[rash]], redness ([[inflammation]] due to immune system response) and severe [[itching]] of the skin. These symptoms can happen immediately, but may also manifest a day (or even days) after consuming soy protein.<ref>[http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Soy%20Allergens.html ''Nexus Magazine''] August-September, 2004; The Hidden Dangers of Soy Allergens by Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN, retrieved September 7, 2006</ref>
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| ===Medical Therapy===
| | [[Soy allergy medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Soy allergy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Soy allergy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Soy allergy cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Soy allergy future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| It is usually treated with an exclusion [[Dieting|diet]] and vigilant avoidance of foods that may be contaminated with soy ingredients. The most severe food allergy reaction is called [[anaphylaxis]]<ref> National Report of the Expert Panel on Food Allergy Research, NIH-NIAID 2003 http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/about/organization/dait/PDF/june30_2003.pdf</ref> and is a [[medical emergency]] requiring immediate attention and treatment with [[Epinephrine]].
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| Some people who are allergic to soy protein may have an extreme allergic reaction and go into [[anaphylactic shock]] (anaphylaxis). In cases of anaphylaxis, emergency medical personnel typically administer [[epinephrine]] (available as an [[autoinjector]], such as [[EpiPen]]) and an [[antihistamine]] such as Benadryl ([[diphenhydramine]]). In event of an [[allergic reaction]], the victim should see a physician or immediately go to the emergency room, as anaphylaxis can be fatal if not treated immediately.
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| ===Primary Prevention=== | | == Case Studies == |
| Those allergic to [[soy protein]] should always read food ingredient labels carefully and avoid any foods containing [[soybean]], including the substances listed below. Caution should be exercised when dining at Asian restaurants or when using Asian sauces, which may contain soy.
| | [[Soy allergy case study one|Caes #1]] |
| ====Strict Versus Loose Soy Avoidance====
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| Many soy-allergic individuals are sensitive to soy protein. As a result, some may be able to tolerate consumption of soy oil,
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| which contains little soy protein. Additionally, many commercially sold foods include small amounts of soy lecithin, an emulsifier. Individuals with mild soy allergies may be able to tolerate foods with soy [[lecithin]] (for example when soy lecithin
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| is among the last on a long list of ingredients). For individuals who are able to tolerate these small amounts of soy, allowing
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| soy oil and lecithin creates a much less restrictive diet.
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| ==Related Chapters== | | ==Related Chapters== |
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| * [[:Category:Soy products]] | | * [[:Category:Soy products]] |
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| * [http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=522 Soy Allergy] information page. [[Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America]] | | * [http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=522 Soy Allergy] information page. [[Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America]] |