Wide complex tachycardias: Difference between revisions

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{{SK}} WCT; fast and wide; wide and fast; wide-complex tachycardia; wide complex rhythm; SVT with aberrancy; SVT with aberrant conduction; supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy; VT versus SVT
{{SK}} WCT; fast and wide; wide and fast; wide-complex tachycardia; wide complex rhythm; SVT with aberrancy; SVT with aberrant conduction; supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy; VT versus SVT
==Electrocardiogram==
EKG examples and diagnosis [[Wide complex tachycardias examples|here]]:
* Extreme axis deviation favors VT.  Especially -90 to -180 or “northwest” or “superior” axis. (23% of SVT will have SAD)
* QRS duration >140 msec favors VT (21% of VT will have QRS <140 msec)
* AV dissociation is demonstrated in only 21% of VT
* Morphologic Criteria
*:* 4% of SVT and 6% of VT did not fulfill criteria in any lead
*:* 40% will have discordance between V1/V2 and V5/V6.  One lead may suggest VT while another suggests SVT.
* An algorithmic approach was proposed by Brugada in 1991.  It has a reported sensitivity of  99%  and specificity of 97%.
{| class="wikitable" font-size="75%"
|- style="text-align:center;background-color:#6EB4EB;"
|+'''An overview of ventricular tachycardias''', follow the [[media:wideQRS_tachycardia_flow.png|wide complex tachycardia flowchart]]
|-
!
!example
!regularity
!atrial frequency
!ventricular frequency
!origin (SVT/VT)
!p-wave
!effect of adenosine
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:left;background-color:#cfefcf;" | '''Wide complex (QRS>0.12)'''
|-
! [[Ventricular Tachycardia]]
| [[Image:vt_small.svg|200px]]
| regular (mostly)
| 60-100 bpm
| 110-250 bpm
| ventricle (VT)
| [[AV-dissociation]]
| no rate reduction (sometimes accelerates)
|-
! [[Ventricular Fibrillation]]
| [[Image:vf_small.svg|200px]]
| irregular
| 60-100 bpm
| 400-600 bpm
| ventricle (VT)
| [[AV-dissociation]]
| none
|-
! [[Ventricular Flutter]]
| [[Image:vflutt_small.svg|200px]]
| regular
| 60-100 bpm
| 150-300 bpm
| ventricle (VT)
| [[AV-dissociation]]
| none
|-
! [[Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm]]
| [[Image:aivr_small.svg|200px]]
| regular (mostly)
| 60-100 bpm
| 50-110 bpm
| ventricle (VT)
| [[AV-dissociation]]
| no rate reduction (sometimes accelerates)
|-
! [[Torsade de Pointes]]
| [[Image:tdp_small.svg|200px]]
| regular
|
| 150-300 bpm
| ventricle (VT)
| [[AV-dissociation]]
| no rate reduction (sometimes accelerates)
|-
! [[Bundle-branch re-entrant tachycardia]]*
| [[Image:bb_reentry_small.svg|200px]]
| regular
| 60-100 bpm
| 150-300 bpm
| ventricles (VT)
| [[AV-dissociation]]
| no rate reduction
|-
|colspan="8"|* Bundle-branch re-entrant tachycardia is extremely rare
|}


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==

Revision as of 19:25, 7 February 2013

Wide complex tachycardia Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Differentiating VT from SVT with aberrant conduction

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

EKG Examples

Electrophysiologic testing

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Case #1

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Wide complex tachycardias

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: WCT; fast and wide; wide and fast; wide-complex tachycardia; wide complex rhythm; SVT with aberrancy; SVT with aberrant conduction; supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy; VT versus SVT

Treatment

Defibrillation

Indications for defibrillation include the following:

Acute Pharmacotherapies

  • If stable: (More patients than you think)
  • DO NOT USE Ca2+ Channel blocker, Digoxin or Adenosine if you don't not know the etiology of the Wide Complex Tachycardia. Ca2+ Channel blockers and Digoxin can lead to accelerated conduction down a bypass tract and VF.
  • Though ACLS guidelines recommend a diagnostic trial of Adenosine, it can precipitate VF in some patients with SVT. Patients who have underlying coronary disease may become ischemic from coronary steal. Rhythm can degenerate and lead to VF that cannot be resuscitated. Furthermore, some VT (esp those with structurally normal hearts) are adenosine responsive and can terminate.
    1. Etiology Uncertain
      • Pronestyl 15mg/kg load over 30 minutes then 2-6mg/min gtt
    2. Ventricular Tachycardia with active ischemia
      • Lidocaine 1 mg/kg q5-10 min up to 3 times then 2-6mg.min gtt
      • If unsuccessful, Pronestyl as above
      • If unsuccessful, IV Amiodarone 150-300 load over 15-20min. 30-60mg/hr gtt for total of 1gram
    3. Ventricular Tachycardia in Setting of Cardiomyopathy
    4. Positively SVT with aberrancy
    5. Antidromic AVRT
      • If 100% positive AF is not underlying, can terminate with a nodal blocker
      • If unsure, Pronestyl as above

Sources

Copyleft images obtained courtesy of ECGpedia, http://en.ecgpedia.org/index.php?title=Special:NewFiles&offset=&limit=500

References


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