Pacemaker syndrome: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Pacemaker syndrome is a disease that represents the clinical consequences of suboptimal [[Atrioventricular node|atrioventricular]] (AV) synchrony or AV dyssynchrony, regardless of the pacing mode, after the [[Artificial pacemaker#Insertion|pacemaker plantation]].<ref name="pmid9164889">{{cite journal |author=Ellenbogen KA, Gilligan DM, Wood MA, Morillo C, Barold SS |title=The pacemaker syndrome -- a matter of definition |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=79 |issue=9 |pages=1226–9 |year=1997 |month=May |pmid=9164889 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002914997000854 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00085-4}}</ref><ref name="pmid12555483">{{cite journal |author=Chalvidan T, Deharo JC, Djiane P |title=[Pacemaker syndromes] |language=French |journal=Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=224–9 |year=2000 |month=July |pmid=12555483 }}</ref> | Pacemaker syndrome is a disease that represents the clinical consequences of suboptimal [[Atrioventricular node|atrioventricular]] (AV) synchrony or AV dyssynchrony, regardless of the pacing mode, after the [[Artificial pacemaker#Insertion|pacemaker plantation]].<ref name="pmid9164889">{{cite journal |author=Ellenbogen KA, Gilligan DM, Wood MA, Morillo C, Barold SS |title=The pacemaker syndrome -- a matter of definition |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=79 |issue=9 |pages=1226–9 |year=1997 |month=May |pmid=9164889 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002914997000854 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00085-4}}</ref><ref name="pmid12555483">{{cite journal |author=Chalvidan T, Deharo JC, Djiane P |title=[Pacemaker syndromes] |language=French |journal=Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=224–9 |year=2000 |month=July |pmid=12555483 }}</ref>. It is an [[iatrogenic]] disease that is often underdiagnosed<ref name="pmid9164889">{{cite journal |author=Ellenbogen KA, Gilligan DM, Wood MA, Morillo C, Barold SS |title=The pacemaker syndrome -- a matter of definition |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=79 |issue=9 |pages=1226–9 |year=1997 |month=May |pmid=9164889 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00085-4 }}</ref><ref name="isbn0-07-141652-8">{{cite book |author=Baumgartner, William A.; Yuh, David D.; Luca A. Vricella |title=The Johns Hopkins manual of cardiothoracic surgery |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical Pub |location=New York |year=2007 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=0-07-141652-8 }}</ref>. In general, the symptoms of the [[syndrome]] are a combination of decreased [[cardiac output]], loss of [[atrial]] contribution to [[ventricle|ventricular]] filling, loss of [[total peripheral resistance]] response, and nonphysiologic pressure waves.<ref name="pmid12555483" /><ref name="pmid7821326">{{cite journal |author=Frielingsdorf J, Gerber AE, Hess OM |title=Importance of maintained atrio-ventricular synchrony in patients with pacemakers |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=1431–40 |year=1994 |month=October |pmid=7821326 |url=http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7821326}}</ref><ref name="pmid7511223">{{cite journal |author=Furman S |title=Pacemaker syndrome |journal=Pacing Clin Electrophysiol |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |year=1994 |month=January |pmid=7511223 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01342.x }}</ref> | ||
It is an [[iatrogenic]] disease that is often underdiagnosed | |||
Individuals with a low heart rate prior to pacemaker implantation are more at risk of developing pacemaker syndrome. Normally the first chamber of the heart (atrium) contracts as the second chamber (ventricle) is relaxed, allowing the ventricle to fill before it contracts and pumps blood out of the heart. When the timing between the two chambers goes out of synchronization, less blood is delivered on each beat. Patients who develop pacemaker syndrome may require adjustment of the pacemaker timing, or another lead fitted to regulate the timing of the chambers separately. | Individuals with a low heart rate prior to pacemaker implantation are more at risk of developing pacemaker syndrome. Normally the first chamber of the heart (atrium) contracts as the second chamber (ventricle) is relaxed, allowing the ventricle to fill before it contracts and pumps blood out of the heart. When the timing between the two chambers goes out of synchronization, less blood is delivered on each beat. Patients who develop pacemaker syndrome may require adjustment of the pacemaker timing, or another lead fitted to regulate the timing of the chambers separately. | ||
Revision as of 19:43, 8 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Pacemaker syndrome is a disease that represents the clinical consequences of suboptimal atrioventricular (AV) synchrony or AV dyssynchrony, regardless of the pacing mode, after the pacemaker plantation.[1][2]. It is an iatrogenic disease that is often underdiagnosed[1][3]. In general, the symptoms of the syndrome are a combination of decreased cardiac output, loss of atrial contribution to ventricular filling, loss of total peripheral resistance response, and nonphysiologic pressure waves.[2][4][5]
Individuals with a low heart rate prior to pacemaker implantation are more at risk of developing pacemaker syndrome. Normally the first chamber of the heart (atrium) contracts as the second chamber (ventricle) is relaxed, allowing the ventricle to fill before it contracts and pumps blood out of the heart. When the timing between the two chambers goes out of synchronization, less blood is delivered on each beat. Patients who develop pacemaker syndrome may require adjustment of the pacemaker timing, or another lead fitted to regulate the timing of the chambers separately.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ellenbogen KA, Gilligan DM, Wood MA, Morillo C, Barold SS (1997). "The pacemaker syndrome -- a matter of definition". Am. J. Cardiol. 79 (9): 1226–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00085-4. PMID 9164889. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chalvidan T, Deharo JC, Djiane P (2000). "[Pacemaker syndromes]". Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) (in French). 49 (4): 224–9. PMID 12555483. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Baumgartner, William A.; Yuh, David D.; Luca A. Vricella (2007). The Johns Hopkins manual of cardiothoracic surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. ISBN 0-07-141652-8.
- ↑ Frielingsdorf J, Gerber AE, Hess OM (1994). "Importance of maintained atrio-ventricular synchrony in patients with pacemakers". Eur. Heart J. 15 (10): 1431–40. PMID 7821326. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Furman S (1994). "Pacemaker syndrome". Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 17 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01342.x. PMID 7511223. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)