Obsessive-compulsive disorder causes: Difference between revisions
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<ref> Abramowitz, Jonathan; et al, Steven; McKay, Dean (2009). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder". The Lancet 374 (9688): 491–9. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055046. PMID 19880927.</ref> | <ref> Abramowitz, Jonathan; et al, Steven; McKay, Dean (2009). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder". The Lancet 374 (9688): 491–9. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055046. PMID 19880927.</ref> | ||
A mutation has been found in the human [[serotonin transporter]][[gene]], hSERT, in unrelated families with OCD.<ref> Ozaki, N., D Goldman, W. H., Plotnicov, K., Greenberg, B. D., J Lappalainen, G. R., & Murphy, D. L. (2003). Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype. Molecular Psychiatry, Volume 8, 933-936. [http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v8/n11/full/4001365a.html]</ref> | A mutation has been found in the human [[serotonin transporter]][[gene]], hSERT, in unrelated families with OCD.<ref> Ozaki, N., D Goldman, W. H., Plotnicov, K., Greenberg, B. D., J Lappalainen, G. R., & Murphy, D. L. (2003). Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype. Molecular Psychiatry, Volume 8, 933-936. [http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v8/n11/full/4001365a.html]</ref> | ||
People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri.<ref> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19880927]</ref> | People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri.<ref> PMID 19880927 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19880927]</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [4] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abhishek Reddy
Overview
Causes
Psychological
As a part of evolution, different species have grown to safeguard themselves by gathering/ hoarding food and constantly check for the threats around them. These evolutionary traits being passed on from generations may have a psychological cause for OCD. [1]
Biological
Abnormalities with the neurotransmitter serotonin has been linked to OCD. It is hypothesized that the OCD sufferers may have relatively understimulated serotonin receptors. This suggestion is supported by the observation that many OCD patients benefit from the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of antidepressant medications that allow for more serotonin to be available to the serotonin receptors. [2]
Genetic factors may contribute to OCD. 45-65% of OCD symptoms in children diagnosed with the disorder are accounted by genetic factors in general. [3] A mutation has been found in the human serotonin transportergene, hSERT, in unrelated families with OCD.[4] People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri.[5]
References
- ↑ Bracha, H. (2006). "Human brain evolution and the "Neuroevolutionary Time-depth Principle:" Implications for the Reclassification of fear-circuitry-related traits in DSM-V and for studying resilience to warzone-related posttraumatic stress disorder". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 30 (5): 827–853. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.008. PMID 16563589.
- ↑ BBC Science and Nature: Human Body and Mind. Causes of OCD. [1]
- ↑ Abramowitz, Jonathan; et al, Steven; McKay, Dean (2009). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder". The Lancet 374 (9688): 491–9. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055046. PMID 19880927.
- ↑ Ozaki, N., D Goldman, W. H., Plotnicov, K., Greenberg, B. D., J Lappalainen, G. R., & Murphy, D. L. (2003). Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype. Molecular Psychiatry, Volume 8, 933-936. [2]
- ↑ PMID 19880927 [3]