Distributive shock: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Distributive shock''' is, as in [[hypovolemic shock]], caused by an insufficient [[intravascular]] volume of [[blood]]. This form of relative [[hypovolemia]] is the result of [[blood vessel]] [[vasodilation|dilation]]. | '''Distributive shock''' is, as in [[hypovolemic shock]], caused by an insufficient [[intravascular]] volume of [[blood]]. This form of relative [[hypovolemia]] is the result of [[blood vessel]] [[vasodilation|dilation]]. | ||
==Classification== | |||
Examples of this form of shock are: | Examples of this form of shock are: | ||
**[[Septic shock]] - This is caused by an overwhelming infection leading to [[vasodilation]], such as by [[Gram negative]] bacteria i.e. <I>[[Escherichia coli]]</I> which releases an [[endotoxin]] which produces adverse biochemical, [[immunological]] and occasionally neural mechanisms which are harmful to the body. It is treated by [[antibiotics]], fluid replacement, and [[vasoconstrictor]]s. | **[[Septic shock]] - This is caused by an overwhelming infection leading to [[vasodilation]], such as by [[Gram negative]] bacteria i.e. <I>[[Escherichia coli]]</I> which releases an [[endotoxin]] which produces adverse biochemical, [[immunological]] and occasionally neural mechanisms which are harmful to the body. It is treated by [[antibiotics]], fluid replacement, and [[vasoconstrictor]]s. | ||
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**Acute [[adrenal insufficiency]] is not infrequently the result of discontinuing [[corticosteroid]] treatment without tapering the dosage. | **Acute [[adrenal insufficiency]] is not infrequently the result of discontinuing [[corticosteroid]] treatment without tapering the dosage. | ||
**[[Neurogenic shock]]. [[Neurogenic shock]] is the rarest form of shock. It is caused by [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to the [[spinal cord]] resulting in the sudden loss of [[autonomic]] and [[motor neuron|motor]] reflexes below the injury level. Without stimulation by [[sympathetic nervous system]] the vessel walls relax uncontrolled, resulting in a sudden decrease in [[peripheral vascular resistance]], leading to [[vasodilation]] and [[hypotension]]. | **[[Neurogenic shock]]. [[Neurogenic shock]] is the rarest form of shock. It is caused by [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to the [[spinal cord]] resulting in the sudden loss of [[autonomic]] and [[motor neuron|motor]] reflexes below the injury level. Without stimulation by [[sympathetic nervous system]] the vessel walls relax uncontrolled, resulting in a sudden decrease in [[peripheral vascular resistance]], leading to [[vasodilation]] and [[hypotension]]. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
Revision as of 19:37, 12 February 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Distributive shock is, as in hypovolemic shock, caused by an insufficient intravascular volume of blood. This form of relative hypovolemia is the result of blood vessel dilation.
Classification
Examples of this form of shock are:
- Septic shock - This is caused by an overwhelming infection leading to vasodilation, such as by Gram negative bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli which releases an endotoxin which produces adverse biochemical, immunological and occasionally neural mechanisms which are harmful to the body. It is treated by antibiotics, fluid replacement, and vasoconstrictors.
- Anaphylactic shock - Caused by a severe anaphylactic reaction to an allergen, antigen, drug or foreign protein causing the release of histamine which causes widespread vasodilation. Leading to hypotension and increase capillary permeability.
- Acute adrenal insufficiency is not infrequently the result of discontinuing corticosteroid treatment without tapering the dosage.
- Neurogenic shock. Neurogenic shock is the rarest form of shock. It is caused by trauma to the spinal cord resulting in the sudden loss of autonomic and motor reflexes below the injury level. Without stimulation by sympathetic nervous system the vessel walls relax uncontrolled, resulting in a sudden decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, leading to vasodilation and hypotension.
References