Diabetic ketoacidosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Symptoms

Early Symptoms

• Sluggish, extreme tiredness
• Fruity smell to breath/compare to nail polish remover, similar to peardrops
• Extreme thirst, despite large fluid intake
• Constant urination
• Extreme weight-loss
• Oral Thrush may be present, or/ yeast infections that fail to go away, this is because the normal fungal/flora present in oral cavity/cervix in women, the balance is upset and bacterial began to feast on the high sugar from urine output/ dry mouth from extreme thirst.
• Muscle wasting
• Agitation / Irritation / Aggression / Confusion

Late Symptoms

At this point, DKA is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately.

• Emesis (vomiting), although this is not always a sign of late-stage ketoacidosis, and can occur both in early-stage ketoacidosis and in non-ketoacidic hyperglycaemia.
• Confusion
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Flu-like symptoms
• Lethargy and apathy
• Extreme weakness
• Kussmaul breathing ("air hunger"). Patients breathe more deeply and/or rapidly.
• Unconsciousness (diabetic coma) after prolonged DKA. At this stage, speedy medical attention is imperative.