Oliguria: Difference between revisions
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===Oliguria in Infants=== | ===Oliguria in Infants=== | ||
Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in [[infant]]s is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Arant B | title = Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 308-13 | year = 1987 | id = PMID 3153294}}</ref> | Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in [[infant]]s is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Arant B | title = Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 308-13 | year = 1987 | id = PMID 3153294}}</ref> | ||
==Risk Factors== | |||
Patient having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
History of | |||
* Time pattern | |||
**When did this begin? | |||
**Did it occur suddenly? | |||
**Has it rapidly become worse? | |||
* Quality | |||
**How much do you drink each day? | |||
**Does drinking more increase your urine output? | |||
**How much urine do you produce each day? | |||
**What color is the [[urine]]? | |||
* Aggravating factors | |||
**Has there been fever? | |||
**Has there been [[diarrhea]]? | |||
**Has there been [[vomiting]]? With or without [[nausea]]? | |||
**Is thirst decreased? | |||
**What other symptoms do you have? | |||
* Other | |||
**What medications do you take? | |||
**Do you have any [[allergies]]? | |||
**Do you have access to adequate fluids? | |||
* Medical history | |||
**Have you had any recent injuries such as [[burns]]? | |||
**Have you been sick? | |||
**Do you have a history of a problem with your [[kidney]]s or [[bladder]]? | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
* Blood studies to monitor [[electrolyte]]s and kidney function | |||
* Urine tests, including tests for infection | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
It mainly depends on the cause | |||
Home Care | |||
Follow prescribed fluid regimens and measure urine output as directed. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[de:Oligurie]] | [[de:Oligurie]] | ||
Revision as of 14:44, 25 February 2013
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For patient information page click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Decreased urine output; reduced urine output
Overview
Oliguria and anuria are the decreased or absent production of urine, respectively.
Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL/day (equals 17mL/hour) in adults.[1]
Causes
The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories:
Prerenal
In response to hypoperfusion of the kidney (e.g. as a result of dehydration by poor oral intake, diarrhea, massive bleeding or sepsis)
Renal
Due to kidney damage (severe hypoperfusion, rhabdomyolysis, medication)
Postrenal
As a consequence of obstruction of the urine flow (e.g. enlarged prostate, tumour compression urinary outflow, expanding hematoma or fluid collection)
The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.
Postoperative Oliguria
Patients usually have decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:
- Fluid/ blood loss – decreased glomerular filtration rate secondary to hypovolemia and/or hypotension
- Response of adrenal cortex to stress -increase in aldosterone (Na and water retention) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release
Oliguria in Infants
Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.[2]
Risk Factors
Patient having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
History of
- Time pattern
- When did this begin?
- Did it occur suddenly?
- Has it rapidly become worse?
- Quality
- How much do you drink each day?
- Does drinking more increase your urine output?
- How much urine do you produce each day?
- What color is the urine?
- Aggravating factors
- Other
- What medications do you take?
- Do you have any allergies?
- Do you have access to adequate fluids?
- Medical history
Laboratory Findings
- Blood studies to monitor electrolytes and kidney function
- Urine tests, including tests for infection
Treatment
Medical Therapy
It mainly depends on the cause
Home Care
Follow prescribed fluid regimens and measure urine output as directed.
References
- ↑ Klahr S, Miller S (1998). "Acute oliguria". N Engl J Med. 338 (10): 671–5. PMID 9486997. Free Full Text.
- ↑ Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life". Pediatr Nephrol. 1 (3): 308–13. PMID 3153294.