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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| ===X Ray===
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| *Posterior dislocation may be missed initially on frontal radiographs in 50% of cases.
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| *Signs on frontal radiographs are subtle, including the trough line sign and the loss of normal "half-moon overlap".
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| *Axillary, scapular Y, or posterior oblique projections are needed for confirmation.
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| *The absence of external rotation on images in a standard shoulder series is a clue to posterior dislocation.
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| *Loss of half-moon overlap: On a normal true anteroposterior image, there is a half-moon overlap between the humeral head and the glenoid. In a posteriorly dislocated shoulder, there is lateral displacement of the humeral head with respect to the glenoid (losing the half-moon overlap)
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| *Trough line sign: In posterior dislocation, the anterior aspect of the humeral head becomes impacted against the posterior glenoid rim. With sufficient force, this causes a compression fracture on the anterior aspect of the humeral head. This compression fracture is analogous to the Hill-Sachs compression fracture seen with anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Frontal radiographs reveal two nearly parallel lines in the superomedial aspect of the humeral head.
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| ----
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| ;Shown below are the X ray findings of posterior shoulder dislocation.
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| {|
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| | [[Image:Posterior-shoulder-fracture-001.jpg| 150px]]
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| | [[Image:Posterior-shoulder-fracture-002.jpg| 150px]]
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| | [[Image:Posterior-shoulder-fracture-003.jpg| 150px]]
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| |}
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| Courtesy: RadsWiki, copyleft source
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| ----
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| ;Shown below are the X ray findings of anterior shoulder dislocation.
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| {|
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| | [[Image:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-001.jpg|150px]]
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| | [[Image:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-002.jpg|150px]]
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| | [[Image:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-003.jpg|150px]]
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| |}
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| Courtesy: RadsWiki, copyleft source
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| ----
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| ;Shown below are the X ray findings of anterior shoulder dislocation post reduction.
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| {|
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| | [[Image:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-004.jpg|150px]]
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| | [[Image:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-005.jpg|150px]]
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| | [[Image:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-006.jpg|150px]]
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| |}
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| Courtesy: RadsWiki, copyleft source
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |