Chemical pneumonitis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
[[Mendelson's syndrome]] is a type of chemical Chemical pneumonitis in which aspiration of gastric acid is present. It was first described in pregnant females who aspirated gastric content during anesthesia, with development of [[respiratory distress]], [[cyanosis]] and lung infiltrates on chest X ray <ref name="pmid20993766">{{cite journal |author=MENDELSON CL |title=The aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs during obstetric anesthesia |journal=[[American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology]] |volume=52 |issue= |pages=191–205 |year=1946 |month=August |pmid=20993766 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref> | [[Mendelson's syndrome]] is a type of chemical Chemical pneumonitis in which aspiration of gastric acid is present. It was first described in pregnant females who aspirated gastric content during anesthesia, with development of [[respiratory distress]], [[cyanosis]] and lung infiltrates on chest X ray.<ref name="pmid20993766">{{cite journal |author=MENDELSON CL |title=The aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs during obstetric anesthesia |journal=[[American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology]] |volume=52 |issue= |pages=191–205 |year=1946 |month=August |pmid=20993766 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref> | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 17:04, 28 February 2013
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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]
Overview
Chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lung caused by irritation from aspirated vomitus or barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, ingested gasoline or other petroleum distillates, ingested or skin absorbed pesticides, gases from electroplating, or other irritants. It is sometimes called a "chemical Chemical pneumonitis", though it is not infectious. May also be caused by the use of inhalants.When the toxic substance is an oil, the Chemical pneumonitis may be called lipoid Chemical pneumonitis.
Historical Perspective
Mendelson's syndrome is a type of chemical Chemical pneumonitis in which aspiration of gastric acid is present. It was first described in pregnant females who aspirated gastric content during anesthesia, with development of respiratory distress, cyanosis and lung infiltrates on chest X ray.[1]
Causes
Chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lung caused by irritation from aspirated vomitus or barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, ingested gasoline or other petroleum distillates, ingested or skin absorbed pesticides, gases from electroplating, or other irritants. It is sometimes called a "chemical Chemical pneumonitis", though it is not infectious. May also be caused by the use of inhalants.When the toxic substance is an oil, the Chemical pneumonitis may be called lipoid Chemical pneumonitis.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Approximately, 3 in 5 patients with chemical pneumonitis have clinical improvement with clearing of chest X ray. Approximately, 1 in every 3rd patient shows a rapid improvement followed with a new progressive infiltrate suggesting secondary superimposed bacterial infection or the development of ARDS. The least common course but with worst prognosis is the development of fulminant disease resulting in acute death.