Vertigo causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Vertigo caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system, which is composed of the semicircular canals, the otolith (utricle andsaccule), and the vestibular nerve is called "peripheral", "otologic" or "vestibular" vertigo. The most common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which accounts for 32% of all peripheral vertigo. Other causes include Ménière's disease (12%),superior canal dehiscence syndrome, labyrinthitis and visual vertigo. Any cause of inflammation such as common cold, influenza, and bacterial infections may cause transient vertigo if it involves the inner ear, as may chemical insults (e.g., aminoglycosides) or physical trauma (e.g., skull fractures). Motion sickness is sometimes classified as a cause of peripheral vertigo.

Causes

Common Causes

• Alcohol
• Aminoglycosides
• Bacterial infection

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

• Cerebrovascular accident

• Common cold

• Head injury

• Influenza

• Labyrinthitis

• Medicines
• Meniere's disease

• Migraine headaches

• Morning sickness

• Motion sickness

• Multiple sclerosis

• Otitis media

• Stroke
• Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
• Viral infection
• Visual vertigo

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Amanita muscaria, Arsine, Cyanide, Multiple chemical sensitivity, Nitrogen narcosis,
Dermatologic	Neurofibromatosis,
Drug Side Effect	3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, 4-HO-MPT, ACE inhibitors, Aminoglycosides, Anti-obesity drug, Antibiotics, Anticonvulsants, Antiretroviral drug, Biperiden, Buspirone, Cabergoline, Daptomycin, Flucytosine, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, Gentamicin, Histamine agonist, Ibotenic acid, Isosorbide mononitrate, Ketorolac, Loop diuretic, Loprazolam, Lorazepam, Lormetazepam, Malaria prophylaxis, Medicines, Minocycline, Moclobemide, Modafinil, Nialamide, Nitrazepam, Oprelvekin, Papaverine, Paroxetine, Perphenazine, Praziquantel, Sedatives
Ear Nose Throat	Acoustic neuroma, Cogan's syndrome, Earwax, Herpes zoster oticus, Labyrinth infarction, Labyrinthine concussion, Labyrinthitis, Meniere's disease, Otitis externa, Otitis media, Ototoxicity, Perilymphatic fistula, Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Microwave auditory effect, Noise health effects
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Fabry's disease, Neurofibromatosis
Hematologic	Polycythemia vera
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Bacterial infection, Common cold, Herpes zoster oticus, Influenza, Labyrinthitis, Lyme disease, Mastoiditis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Acoustic neuroma, Arachnoid cyst, Arnold-Chiari malformation, Balance disorder, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Brain zaps, Brainstem infarction, Brainstem ischemia, Brainstem stroke, Bruns' syndrome, Cerebellar hemorrhage, Cerebellar infarction, Cerebral shunt, Cerebrovascular accident, Colloid cyst, Episodic ataxia, Facial nerve paralysis, Hydrocephalus, Inferior cerebellar bleeding, Inferior cerebellar infarction, Lateral medullary syndrome, Migraine headaches, Migrainous vertigo, Multiple sclerosis, Neurofibromatosis, Non-epileptic seizure, Oculogyric crisis, Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, Ramsay Hunt syndrome , Recurrent vestibulopathy, Sensorineural hearing loss
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Hyperemesis gravidarum
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	Cogan's syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcohol, Aminoglycosides, Atenolol, Cinchonism, Drug overdose, Gentamicin, Hellebore,
Psychiatric	Panic attack
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Cogan's syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Head injury, Labyrinthine concussion,
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Airsickness, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Decompression sickness, Deep water blackout, Morning sickness, Motion sickness, Sea-sickness