Pulmonary embolism differential diagnosis

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Editor(s)-In-Chief:C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], The APEX Trial Investigators; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Pulmonary embolism must be distinguished from other life-threatening causes of chest pain including acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, and pericardial tamponade, as well as a large list of non-life-threatening causes of chest discomfort and shortness of breath.

Differentiating Pulmonary Embolism from other Diseases

• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Anemia
• Angina pectoris
• Anxiety disorders
• Aortic stenosis
• Arteriovenous Malformation
• Atrial fibrillation (diagnosis and management)
• Bacterial pneumonia
• Cardiogenic shock
• Cardiac Tamponade
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema
• Community acquired pneumonia
• Cor pulmonale
• Costochondritis
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy
• Distributive shock
• Emphysema
• Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
• Fat Embolism
• Hemorrhagic shock
• Herpes zoster
• Hyperventilation
• Mitral stenosis
• Musculoskeletal pain
• Myocardial infarction
• Myocardial ischemia
• Myocarditis
• Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
• Pericarditis
• Pleuritis
• Pneumothorax
• Pulmonary Hypertension, Primary
• Pulmonary Hypertension, Secondary
• Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
• Rib fracture
• Salicylate intoxication
• Septic shock
• Sudden cardiac death
• Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
• Syncope
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Viral pneumonia