Pyelonephritis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Complications

• Most people with pyelonephritis do not have complications if appropriately treated with bacteria-fighting medications called antibiotics.
• In rare cases, pyelonephritis may cause permanent kidney scars, which can lead to chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, and kidney failure. These problems usually occur in people with a structural problem in the urinary tract, kidney disease from other causes, or repeated episodes of pyelonephritis.
• Infection in the kidneys may spread to the bloodstream—a serious condition called sepsis—though this is also uncommon.