Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection echocardiography

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Keri Shafer, M.D. [3]; Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [4]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [5]

Overview

2D echocardiography along with doppler ultrasonography is an useful tool to diagnose total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Echocardiography

The findings on echocardiography depends on the anotomic variant of TAPVC that is there. The findings that could be seen in echocardiography are:

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Common findings with all the types are:

• Lack of pulmonary venous connections with the right atrium.
• Hypertrophy of the chambers of right side of heart(atrium and ventricle)
• Right-to-left interatrial connections

Findings found with specific type of connections are as follow:

• Supracardiac

• Common ascending vein
• Dilated superior vena cava

• Infracardiac

• Common descending vein connected to portal or hepatic vein
• Dilated inferior vena cava
• The demonstration of a vessel in the abdomen with the doppler venous flow away from the heart is pathognomic.

• Cardiac

• Pulmonary vein connected to coronary sinus or right atrium.