Psoriasis classification: Difference between revisions
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The symptoms of psoriasis can manifest in a variety of forms. Variants include plaque, pustular, guttate and flexural psoriasis. This section describes each type.<ref>[http://web.ilds.org/icd10_list.php?VIEW=1&START_CODE=L40.0&START_EXT=00 "Application to dermatology of International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) - ICD sorted by code: L40.000 - L41.000"], The International League of Dermatological Societies</ref> | The symptoms of psoriasis can manifest in a variety of forms. Variants include plaque, pustular, guttate and flexural psoriasis. This section describes each type.<ref>[http://web.ilds.org/icd10_list.php?VIEW=1&START_CODE=L40.0&START_EXT=00 "Application to dermatology of International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) - ICD sorted by code: L40.000 - L41.000"], The International League of Dermatological Societies</ref> | ||
* Plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris) (L40.0) is the most common form of psoriasis. It affects 80 to 90% of people with psoriasis. Plaque psoriasis typically appears as raised areas of inflamed skin covered with silvery white scaly skin. These areas are called plaques. | * [[Plaque]] psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris) (L40.0) is the most common form of psoriasis. It affects 80 to 90% of people with psoriasis. [[Plaque]] psoriasis typically appears as raised areas of inflamed skin covered with silvery white scaly skin. These areas are called plaques. | ||
* Flexural psoriasis (inverse psoriasis) (L40.83-4) appears as smooth inflamed patches of skin. It occurs in [[skin fold]]s, particularly around the genitals (between the thigh and groin), the armpits, under an overweight stomach ([[pannus]]), and under the [[breasts]] ([[inframammary fold]]). It is aggravated by friction and sweat, and is vulnerable to fungal infections. | * Flexural psoriasis (inverse psoriasis) (L40.83-4) appears as smooth inflamed patches of skin. It occurs in [[skin fold]]s, particularly around the genitals (between the thigh and groin), the armpits, under an overweight stomach ([[pannus]]), and under the [[breasts]] ([[inframammary fold]]). It is aggravated by friction and sweat, and is vulnerable to fungal infections. | ||
Revision as of 19:51, 10 April 2013
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Psoriasis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Psoriasis classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Psoriasis classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Psoriasis classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Classification
Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease of the skin, which may be classified into nonpustular and pustular types as follows[1]:
- Nonpustular psoriasis
- Psoriasis vulgaris (Chronic stationary psoriasis, Plaque-like psoriasis)
- Psoriatic erythroderma (Erythrodermic psoriasis)
- Pustular psoriasis
- Generalized pustular psoriasis (Pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch)
- Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (Persistent palmoplantar pustulosis, Pustular psoriasis of the Barber type, Pustular psoriasis of the extremities)
- Annular pustular psoriasis
- Acrodermatitis continua
- Impetigo herpetiformis
Additional types of psoriasis include[2]:191-197:
Types of Psoriasis
The symptoms of psoriasis can manifest in a variety of forms. Variants include plaque, pustular, guttate and flexural psoriasis. This section describes each type.[3]
- Plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris) (L40.0) is the most common form of psoriasis. It affects 80 to 90% of people with psoriasis. Plaque psoriasis typically appears as raised areas of inflamed skin covered with silvery white scaly skin. These areas are called plaques.
- Flexural psoriasis (inverse psoriasis) (L40.83-4) appears as smooth inflamed patches of skin. It occurs in skin folds, particularly around the genitals (between the thigh and groin), the armpits, under an overweight stomach (pannus), and under the breasts (inframammary fold). It is aggravated by friction and sweat, and is vulnerable to fungal infections.
- Guttate psoriasis (L40.4) is characterized by numerous small oval (teardrop-shaped) spots. These numerous spots of psoriasis appear over large areas of the body, such as the trunk, limbs, and scalp. Guttate psoriasis is associated with streptococcal throat infection.
- Pustular psoriasis (L40.1-3, L40.82) appears as raised bumps that are filled with non-infectious pus (pustules). The skin under and surrounding pustules is red and tender. Pustular psoriasis can be localised, commonly to the hands and feet (palmoplantar pustulosis), or generalised with widespread patches occurring randomly on any part of the body.
- Nail psoriasis (L40.86) produces a variety of changes in the appearance of finger and toe nails. These changes include discolouring under the nail plate, pitting of the nails, lines going across the nails, thickening of the skin under the nail, and the loosening (onycholysis) and crumbling of the nail.
- Psoriatic arthritis (L40.5) involves joint and connective tissue inflammation. Psoriatic arthritis can affect any joint but is most common in the joints of the fingers and toes. This can result in a sausage-shaped swelling of the fingers and toes known as dactylitis. Psoriatic arthritis can also affect the hips, knees and spine (spondylitis). About 10-15% of people who have psoriasis also have psoriatic arthritis.
- Erythrodermic psoriasis (L40.85) involves the widespread inflammation and exfoliation of the skin over most of the body surface. It may be accompanied by severe itching, swelling and pain. It is often the result of an exacerbation of unstable plaque psoriasis, particularly following the abrupt withdrawal of systemic treatment. This form of psoriasis can be fatal, as the extreme inflammation and exfoliation disrupt the body's ability to regulate temperature and for the skin to perform barrier functions.
[4]
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Photograph of an arm covered with plaque psoriasis. -
Psoriasis nail pitting
Severity
Psoriasis is usually graded as mild (affecting less than 3% of the body), moderate (affecting 3-10% of the body) or severe. Several scales exist for measuring the severity of psoriasis.
The degree of severity is generally based on the following factors: the proportion of body surface area affected; disease activity (degree of plaque redness, thickness and scaling); response to previous therapies; and the impact of the disease on the person.
The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) is the most widely used measurement tool for psoriasis. PASI combines the assessment of the severity of lesions and the area affected into a single score in the range 0 (no disease) to 72 (maximal disease).[5]
Nevertheless, the PASI can be too unwieldy to use outside of trials, which has led to attempts to simplify the index for clinical use.[6]
References
- ↑ Freedberg, et. al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071380760.
- ↑ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0721629210.
- ↑ "Application to dermatology of International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) - ICD sorted by code: L40.000 - L41.000", The International League of Dermatological Societies
- ↑ http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages/
- ↑ "Psoriasis Update -Skin & Aging". Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ↑ Louden BA, Pearce DJ, Lang W, Feldman SR (2004). "A Simplified Psoriasis Area Severity Index (SPASI) for rating psoriasis severity in clinic patients". Dermatol. Online J. 10 (2): 7. PMID 15530297.