High density lipoprotein causes: Difference between revisions

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* [[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid23564803">{{cite journal |author=Elme A, Utriainen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, ''et al.'' |title=Obesity and physical inactivity are related to impaired physical health of breast cancer survivors |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=1595–602 |year=2013 |month=April |pmid=23564803 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid23564803">{{cite journal |author=Elme A, Utriainen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, ''et al.'' |title=Obesity and physical inactivity are related to impaired physical health of breast cancer survivors |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=1595–602 |year=2013 |month=April |pmid=23564803 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Puberty in males
* Puberty in males
* [[Uremia]]
* [[Uremia]]<ref name="pmid23443874">{{cite journal |author=Khoueiry G, Abdallah M, Saiful F, ''et al.'' |title=High-density lipoprotein in uremic patients: metabolism, impairment, and therapy |journal=Int Urol Nephrol |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2013 |month=February |pmid=23443874 |doi=10.1007/s11255-012-0366-y |url=}}</ref>
* Familial combined hypolipidemia<ref name="pmid22659251">{{cite journal |author=Minicocci I, Montali A, Robciuc MR, ''et al.'' |title=Mutations in the ANGPTL3 gene and familial combined hypolipidemia: a clinical and biochemical characterization |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=97 |issue=7 |pages=E1266–75 |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22659251 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-1298 |url=}}</ref>
* Familial combined hypolipidemia<ref name="pmid22659251">{{cite journal |author=Minicocci I, Montali A, Robciuc MR, ''et al.'' |title=Mutations in the ANGPTL3 gene and familial combined hypolipidemia: a clinical and biochemical characterization |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=97 |issue=7 |pages=E1266–75 |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22659251 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-1298 |url=}}</ref>
* Elevated [[CETP]] ([[cholesteryl ester transfer protein]]) activity: Polymorphism of the gene TaqIB (CETP gene) is known to be associated with variations in the plasma concentrations of CETP. A gene variant called TaqIB1 is associated with a higher CETP concentration and lower HDL-C levels in the plasma. Two other mutations that result in similar findings are A373P and R451Q.<ref name="pmid22928361">{{cite journal |author=Pachocka LM, Włodarczyk M, Nowicka G, Kłosiewicz-Latoszek L, Wolańska D, Stolarska I |title=[CETP gene TaqIB polymorphism and plasma lipids in patients with overweight and obesity] |language=Polish |journal=Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=149–54 |year=2012 |pmid=22928361 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23157875">{{cite journal |author=Rahimi Z, Nourozi-Rad R, Rahimi Z, Parsian A |title=Strong interaction between T allele of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with B1 allele of cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB highly elevates the risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus |journal=Hum. Genomics |volume=6 |issue= |pages=20 |year=2012 |pmid=23157875 |pmc=3500247 |doi=10.1186/1479-7364-6-20 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23129316">{{cite journal |author=Li YY, Wu XY, Xu J, Qian Y, Zhou CW, Wang B |title=Apo A5 -1131T/C, FgB -455G/A, -148C/T, and CETP TaqIB gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis of 15,055 subjects |journal=Mol. Biol. Rep. |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=1997–2014 |year=2013 |month=February |pmid=23129316 |doi=10.1007/s11033-012-2257-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22854712">{{cite journal |author=Rejeb J, Omezzine A, Boumaiza I, ''et al.'' |title=Four polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and coronary stenosis in a Tunisian population |journal=J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=546–53 |year=2012 |month=September |pmid=22854712 |doi=10.2459/JCM.0b013e3283569b24 |url=}}</ref>
* Elevated [[CETP]] ([[cholesteryl ester transfer protein]]) activity: Polymorphism of the gene TaqIB (CETP gene) is known to be associated with variations in the plasma concentrations of CETP. A gene variant called TaqIB1 is associated with a higher CETP concentration and lower HDL-C levels in the plasma. Two other mutations that result in similar findings are A373P and R451Q.<ref name="pmid22928361">{{cite journal |author=Pachocka LM, Włodarczyk M, Nowicka G, Kłosiewicz-Latoszek L, Wolańska D, Stolarska I |title=[CETP gene TaqIB polymorphism and plasma lipids in patients with overweight and obesity] |language=Polish |journal=Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=149–54 |year=2012 |pmid=22928361 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23157875">{{cite journal |author=Rahimi Z, Nourozi-Rad R, Rahimi Z, Parsian A |title=Strong interaction between T allele of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with B1 allele of cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB highly elevates the risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus |journal=Hum. Genomics |volume=6 |issue= |pages=20 |year=2012 |pmid=23157875 |pmc=3500247 |doi=10.1186/1479-7364-6-20 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23129316">{{cite journal |author=Li YY, Wu XY, Xu J, Qian Y, Zhou CW, Wang B |title=Apo A5 -1131T/C, FgB -455G/A, -148C/T, and CETP TaqIB gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis of 15,055 subjects |journal=Mol. Biol. Rep. |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=1997–2014 |year=2013 |month=February |pmid=23129316 |doi=10.1007/s11033-012-2257-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22854712">{{cite journal |author=Rejeb J, Omezzine A, Boumaiza I, ''et al.'' |title=Four polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and coronary stenosis in a Tunisian population |journal=J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=546–53 |year=2012 |month=September |pmid=22854712 |doi=10.2459/JCM.0b013e3283569b24 |url=}}</ref>

Revision as of 17:23, 15 April 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Causes

  • HDL cholesterol is a positive cardiac risk factor if
    • HDL < 35 mg/dL
    • Total cholesterol to HDL ratio in > 5.0 (in men)
    • Total cholesterol to HDL ratio in > 4.5 (in women)
  • Negative cardiac risk factor if HDL > 60 mg/dL

Decreased

  • Apolipoprotein deficiency: Hypoalphalipoproteinemia can be of three types.
  1. Impaired synthesis of apo A-1: apo A-I deficiency, apo A-1/C-3 deficiency, apo A-1 structural variants
  2. Increased catabolism: familial HDL deficiency or Tangier disease
  3. Enzymatic changes: genetic, reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase, elevated liver triglyceride lipase activity, LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency
  1. Beta-blockers
  2. Benzodiazepines
  3. Anabolic steroids
  4. Diuretics
  5. Progestins
  • Liver disease
  • Menopause
  • Obesity[1]
  • Puberty in males
  • Uremia[2]
  • Familial combined hypolipidemia[3]
  • Elevated CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) activity: Polymorphism of the gene TaqIB (CETP gene) is known to be associated with variations in the plasma concentrations of CETP. A gene variant called TaqIB1 is associated with a higher CETP concentration and lower HDL-C levels in the plasma. Two other mutations that result in similar findings are A373P and R451Q.[4][5][6][7]
  • Smoking
  • Lack of physical exercise[1]
  • High carbohydrate diet

Increased

  • Drugs
  • Moderate alcohol intake
  • Regular aerobic exercise
  • Weight loss

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Elme A, Utriainen M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P; et al. (2013). "Obesity and physical inactivity are related to impaired physical health of breast cancer survivors". Anticancer Res. 33 (4): 1595–602. PMID 23564803. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Khoueiry G, Abdallah M, Saiful F; et al. (2013). "High-density lipoprotein in uremic patients: metabolism, impairment, and therapy". Int Urol Nephrol. doi:10.1007/s11255-012-0366-y. PMID 23443874. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Minicocci I, Montali A, Robciuc MR; et al. (2012). "Mutations in the ANGPTL3 gene and familial combined hypolipidemia: a clinical and biochemical characterization". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97 (7): E1266–75. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1298. PMID 22659251. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Pachocka LM, Włodarczyk M, Nowicka G, Kłosiewicz-Latoszek L, Wolańska D, Stolarska I (2012). "[CETP gene TaqIB polymorphism and plasma lipids in patients with overweight and obesity]". Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig (in Polish). 63 (2): 149–54. PMID 22928361.
  5. ↑ Rahimi Z, Nourozi-Rad R, Rahimi Z, Parsian A (2012). "Strong interaction between T allele of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with B1 allele of cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB highly elevates the risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus". Hum. Genomics. 6: 20. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-6-20. PMC 3500247. PMID 23157875.
  6. ↑ Li YY, Wu XY, Xu J, Qian Y, Zhou CW, Wang B (2013). "Apo A5 -1131T/C, FgB -455G/A, -148C/T, and CETP TaqIB gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis of 15,055 subjects". Mol. Biol. Rep. 40 (2): 1997–2014. doi:10.1007/s11033-012-2257-9. PMID 23129316. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Rejeb J, Omezzine A, Boumaiza I; et al. (2012). "Four polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and coronary stenosis in a Tunisian population". J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 13 (9): 546–53. doi:10.2459/JCM.0b013e3283569b24. PMID 22854712. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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