Hyperthyroidism classification: Difference between revisions
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*Graves' disease: An autoimmune disorder resulting from thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, which stimulate thyroid gland growth and hormone synthesis .Its prominent features including pretibial myxedema and Ophthalmopathy are autoimmune in origin. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism . <ref name="pmid18550875">{{cite journal | author = Brent GA | title = Clinical practice. Graves' disease | journal = [[The New England Journal of Medicine]] | volume = 358 | issue = 24 | pages = 2594–605 | year = 2008 | month = June | pmid = 18550875 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMcp0801880 | url = }}</ref> High iodine intake, stressful events may be a risk factor. | |||
*Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter: It results from focal or diffuse hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells whose functional capacity is independent of regulation by TSH. Activating somatic mutations of the genes for the TSH receptor have been found in both these. Mutations of the TSH-receptor gene are most common; they were found in 15 of 31 toxic adenomas in one study.{{cite journal |author=Führer D, Holzapfel HP, Wonerow P, Scherbaum WA, Paschke R |title=Somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene and not in the Gs alpha protein gene in 31 toxic thyroid nodules |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=3885–91 |year=1997 |month=November |pmid=9360556 |doi= |url=}} | |||
*Hashitoxicosis:It has two phases,initially it presents with hyperthyroidism and a high radioiodine uptake caused by TSH-receptor antibodies.This is followed by infiltration of the gland with lymphocytes resultating in autoimmune-mediated destruction of thyroid tissue leading to the development of hypothyroidism. | |||
*Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: Develop after an iodine load or iodine-rich drugs such as amiodarone. | |||
*TSH-mediated hyperthyroidism:It is because of increased TSH production.It has two forms, neoplastic and non-neoplastic.Neoplastic include TSH-producing pituitary adenoma. Almost all of these patients have a goiter,40 percent have a visual field defect, and one-third of women have galactorrhea. All patients have high serum thyroid hormone concentrations.Non-neoplastic TSH-mediated hyperthyroidism is due to resistance to the feedback effect of thyroid hormone on pituitary TSH. | |||
*Trophoblastic disease and germ cell tumors:Hyperthyroidism can occur in women with a hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma and in men with testicular germ cell tumors | |||
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Revision as of 17:07, 29 May 2013
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Hyperthyroidism Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1].Farman Khan, MD, MRCP [2]
- Graves' disease: An autoimmune disorder resulting from thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, which stimulate thyroid gland growth and hormone synthesis .Its prominent features including pretibial myxedema and Ophthalmopathy are autoimmune in origin. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism . [1] High iodine intake, stressful events may be a risk factor.
- Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter: It results from focal or diffuse hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells whose functional capacity is independent of regulation by TSH. Activating somatic mutations of the genes for the TSH receptor have been found in both these. Mutations of the TSH-receptor gene are most common; they were found in 15 of 31 toxic adenomas in one study.Führer D, Holzapfel HP, Wonerow P, Scherbaum WA, Paschke R (1997). "Somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene and not in the Gs alpha protein gene in 31 toxic thyroid nodules". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 (11): 3885–91. PMID 9360556. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
- Hashitoxicosis:It has two phases,initially it presents with hyperthyroidism and a high radioiodine uptake caused by TSH-receptor antibodies.This is followed by infiltration of the gland with lymphocytes resultating in autoimmune-mediated destruction of thyroid tissue leading to the development of hypothyroidism.
- Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: Develop after an iodine load or iodine-rich drugs such as amiodarone.
- TSH-mediated hyperthyroidism:It is because of increased TSH production.It has two forms, neoplastic and non-neoplastic.Neoplastic include TSH-producing pituitary adenoma. Almost all of these patients have a goiter,40 percent have a visual field defect, and one-third of women have galactorrhea. All patients have high serum thyroid hormone concentrations.Non-neoplastic TSH-mediated hyperthyroidism is due to resistance to the feedback effect of thyroid hormone on pituitary TSH.
- Trophoblastic disease and germ cell tumors:Hyperthyroidism can occur in women with a hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma and in men with testicular germ cell tumors
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References
- ↑ Brent GA (2008). "Clinical practice. Graves' disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (24): 2594–605. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0801880. PMID 18550875. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)