Achalasia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Achalasia}} | {{Achalasia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:'''[[User:Rim Halaby|Rim Halaby]] | |||
==Overview== | |||
[[Achalasia]] is a rare swallowing disorder that is most commonly idiopathic in nature. Allgrove syndrome is a strong risk factor. Other possible risk factors are [[herpes]], [[measles]], [[autoimmune diseases]] and [[HLA]] type II.<ref name="pmid14746832">{{cite journal| author=Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Costantini M, Rizzetto C, Palù G, Costantino M et al.| title=Esophageal achalasia: is the herpes simplex virus really innocent? | journal=J Gastrointest Surg | year= 2004 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 24-30; discussion 30 | pmid=14746832 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14746832 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6853731">{{cite journal| author=Jones DB, Mayberry JF, Rhodes J, Munro J| title=Preliminary report of an association between measles virus and achalasia. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 1983 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 655-7 | pmid=6853731 | doi= | pmc=PMC498344 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6853731 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21899655">{{cite journal| author=Booy JD, Takata J, Tomlinson G, Urbach DR| title=The prevalence of autoimmune disease in patients with esophageal achalasia. | journal=Dis Esophagus | year= 2012 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 209-13 | pmid=21899655 | doi=10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01249.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21899655 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9820602">{{cite journal| author=De la Concha EG, Fernandez-Arquero M, Mendoza JL, Conejero L, Figueredo MA, Perez de la Serna J et al.| title=Contribution of HLA class II genes to susceptibility in achalasia. | journal=Tissue Antigens | year= 1998 | volume= 52 | issue= 4 | pages= 381-4 | pmid=9820602 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9820602 }} </ref> | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
===Strong Risk Factors=== | |||
Allgrove syndrome, also known as triple-A syndrome (AAA), or as Achalasia-Addisonianism-Alacrimia syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder that is strongly associated with [[achalasia]]. Alacrima is usually the earliest manifestation. It is a progressive disorder that can take years to develop the full blown clinical picture. | |||
===Possible Risk Factors=== | |||
* [[Herpes]] infection<ref name="pmid14746832">{{cite journal| author=Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Costantini M, Rizzetto C, Palù G, Costantino M et al.| title=Esophageal achalasia: is the herpes simplex virus really innocent? | journal=J Gastrointest Surg | year= 2004 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 24-30; discussion 30 | pmid=14746832 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14746832 }} </ref> | |||
* [[Measles]] infection<ref name="pmid6853731">{{cite journal| author=Jones DB, Mayberry JF, Rhodes J, Munro J| title=Preliminary report of an association between measles virus and achalasia. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 1983 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 655-7 | pmid=6853731 | doi= | pmc=PMC498344 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6853731 }} </ref> | |||
* [[Autoimmune]] diseases<ref name="pmid21899655">{{cite journal| author=Booy JD, Takata J, Tomlinson G, Urbach DR| title=The prevalence of autoimmune disease in patients with esophageal achalasia. | journal=Dis Esophagus | year= 2012 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 209-13 | pmid=21899655 | doi=10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01249.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21899655 }} </ref> | |||
*[[HLA]] type 2<ref name="pmid9820602">{{cite journal| author=De la Concha EG, Fernandez-Arquero M, Mendoza JL, Conejero L, Figueredo MA, Perez de la Serna J et al.| title=Contribution of HLA class II genes to susceptibility in achalasia. | journal=Tissue Antigens | year= 1998 | volume= 52 | issue= 4 | pages= 381-4 | pmid=9820602 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9820602 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 23:56, 15 July 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief:Rim Halaby
Overview
Achalasia is a rare swallowing disorder that is most commonly idiopathic in nature. Allgrove syndrome is a strong risk factor. Other possible risk factors are herpes, measles, autoimmune diseases and HLA type II.[1][2][3][4]
Risk Factors
Strong Risk Factors
Allgrove syndrome, also known as triple-A syndrome (AAA), or as Achalasia-Addisonianism-Alacrimia syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder that is strongly associated with achalasia. Alacrima is usually the earliest manifestation. It is a progressive disorder that can take years to develop the full blown clinical picture.
Possible Risk Factors
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Costantini M, Rizzetto C, Palù G, Costantino M; et al. (2004). "Esophageal achalasia: is the herpes simplex virus really innocent?". J Gastrointest Surg. 8 (1): 24–30, discussion 30. PMID 14746832.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jones DB, Mayberry JF, Rhodes J, Munro J (1983). "Preliminary report of an association between measles virus and achalasia". J Clin Pathol. 36 (6): 655–7. PMC 498344. PMID 6853731.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Booy JD, Takata J, Tomlinson G, Urbach DR (2012). "The prevalence of autoimmune disease in patients with esophageal achalasia". Dis Esophagus. 25 (3): 209–13. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01249.x. PMID 21899655.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 De la Concha EG, Fernandez-Arquero M, Mendoza JL, Conejero L, Figueredo MA, Perez de la Serna J; et al. (1998). "Contribution of HLA class II genes to susceptibility in achalasia". Tissue Antigens. 52 (4): 381–4. PMID 9820602.