Mitral valve prolapse causes

Mitral valve prolapse Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Farman Khan, MD, MRCP [2]

Overview

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a valvular heart disease that is considered to be mainly hereditary. Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve is a common cause of MVP. Other less common causes of MVP include connective tissue diseases such as Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome and osteogenesis imperfecta, as well as damage to the mitral valve secondary to infarction, rheumatic heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and trauma.

Causes

Common Causes

• Marfan's syndrome
• Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve
• Papillary muscle infarction
• Papillary muscle trauma

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	myxomatous of the mitral valve, myocardial infarction, severe mitral annular calcification, damaged chordae tendineae, rheumatic heart disease, papillary muscle dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, forme fruste Barlow disease, Ebstein's anomaly , cardiomegaly, bacterial endocarditis, congenital heart disease
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Graves disease
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Turner Syndrome, spastic ataxia, Charlevoix-Saguenay type, osteogenesis imperfecta, X-linked familial mitral valve prolapse, autosomal dominant familial mitral valve prolapse, MASS phenotype, Marfan syndrome, Marfan-like syndrome Boileau type, Hunter-Mcdonald syndrome, Furlong-Kurczynski-Hennessy syndrome
Hematologic	Von Willebrand disease, sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Infective endocarditis, acute rheumatic fever
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Dermato-cardio-skeletal syndrome Borrone type
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Scurvy
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Pregnancy
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Polycystic kidney disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	SLE, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, polyarteritis nodosa, connective tissue disease, mixed connective tissue disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type I, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type II, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type V
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma to mitral valve
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Stickler Syndrome, Leopard syndrome, idiopathic, fibroelastic deficiency, Dahlberg syndrome, Beals syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acute myocardial ischemia

• Acute rheumatic fever

• Adult polycystic kidney disease

• Associated with congenital heart disease

• Associated with connective tissue disease

• Bacterial endocarditis

• Beals syndrome

• Cardiomegaly

• Chordal rupture

• Dahlberg syndrome

• Dermato-cardio-skeletal syndrome Borrone type

• Ebstein's anomaly

• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type I

• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type II

• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type V

• Fibroelastic deficiency

• Forme fruste Barlow disease

• Furlong-Kurczynski-Hennessy syndrome

• Graves disease

• Hunter-Mcdonald syndrome

• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

• Idiopathic

• Infective Endocarditis

• Leopard syndrome

• Marfan syndrome

• Marfan-like syndrome, Boileau type

• MASS phenotype

• Mitral valve prolapse, familial, autosomal dominant

• Mitral valve prolapse, familial, X linked

• Mixed connective tissue disease

• Myxomatous mitral valve prolapse

• Osteogenesis imperfecta

• Papillary muscle dysfunction

• Pectus excavatum

• Polyarteritis nodosa

• Polycystic kidney disease

• Pregnancy

• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

• Rheumatic heart disease

• Ruptured chordae

• Scoliosis

• Scurvy

• Severe mitral annular calcification

• Sickle cell disease

• SLE

• Spastic ataxia Charlevoix-Saguenay type

• ST elevation myocardial infarction

• Stickler syndrome

• Trauma

• Turner Syndrome

• Von Willebrand disease