Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase: Difference between revisions

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{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Atrial fibrillation]],  [[Giant cell arteritis]],  [[Hemorrhagic shock]],  [[Ischemic colitis]],  [[Myocardial infarction]],  [[Pericarditis]],  [[Subacute endocarditis]],  [[Vasculitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Camphor]],  [[Lead]],  [[Lithium]],  [[Mercury]],  [[Pyrogallol]],  [[Snakebite]],  [[Turpentine]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[All-trans retinoic acid]],  [[Arsphenamine]],  [[Catecholamines ]],  [[Corticosteroids]],  [[Dapsone]],  [[Digitalis]],  [[Glucocortico steroids]],  [[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]],  [[Oral contraceptives]],  [[Phenacetin]],  [[Quinidine]],  [[Sulfa drugs]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tonsillitis]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cushing disease]],  [[Diabetes]],  [[Diabetic coma]],  [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heatstroke]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Appendicitis]],  [[Cholangitis]],  [[Cholecystitis]],  [[Gastric carcinoma]],  [[Hepatic necrosis]],  [[Ischemic colitis]],  [[Liver abscess]],  [[Liver fluke]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Congenital Asplenia]],  [[Congenital neutropenia ]],  [[Down syndrome]],  [[Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome]],  [[Fanconi anemia]],  [[Hereditary neutrophilia]],  [[Hyposplenism]],  [[Klinefelter syndrome]],  [[Kostmann's syndrome]],  [[Leukocyte adhesion factor deficiency]],  [[Pelger-huet anomaly]],  [[Rac mutation]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]],  [[Acute myelogenous leukemia]],  [[Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia]],  [[Aplastic anemia]],  [[Essential thrombocytopenia]],  [[Fanconi anemia]],  [[Hairy cell leukemia]],  [[Hemarthrosis]],  [[Hemolysis]],  [[Hemoperitoneum]],  [[Hemorrhagic shock]],  [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]],  [[Infectious mononucleosis ]],  [[Megaloblastic anemia]],  [[Multiple myeloma]],  [[Myelofibrosis]],  [[Pelger-huet anomaly]],  [[Polycythemia vera]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Blood transfusion]],  [[G-CSF]],  [[GM-CSF]],  [[Post spleenectomy ]],  [[Vaccination ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Actinomyces]],  [[Burkholderia mallei ]],  [[Cellulitis]],  [[Cholangitis]],  [[Cholecystitis]],  [[Clostridium difficile]],  [[Coccidioides immitis]],  [[Escherichia coli]],  [[Herpes zoster]],  [[Infectious mononucleosis ]],  [[Klebsiella pneumoniae ]],  [[Liver abscess]],  [[Liver fluke]],  [[Malaria]],  [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis ]],  [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]],  [[Osteomyelitis]],  [[Otitis media]],  [[Pelvic abscess]],  [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]],  [[Perinephric abscess]],  [[Pertussis]],  [[Plague]],  [[Poliomyelitis]],  [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]],  [[Pyelonephritis]],  [[Rabies]],  [[Rheumatic disease]],  [[Rickettsia]],  [[Salmonella typhi]],  [[Salpingitis]],  [[Sepsis]],  [[Septic arthritis]],  [[Smallpox]],  [[Spirochetes]],  [[Staphylococcus aureus]],  [[Staphylococcus epidermidis]],  [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]],  [[Streptococcus pyogenes]],  [[Subacute endocarditis]],  [[Tonsillitis]],  [[Varicella]],  [[Visceral larva migrans ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Septic arthritis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Eclampsia]],  [[Epidural hemorrhage]],  [[Intra cerebral hemorrhage]],  [[Pre eclampsia]],  [[Subdural hemorrhage]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetic coma]],  [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]],  [[Uremia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cesarean delivery]],  [[Eclampsia]],  [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]],  [[Preeclampsia]],  [[Pregnancy]],  [[Salpingitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]],  [[Acute myelogenous leukemia]],  [[Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia]],  [[Bronchogenic carcinoma ]],  [[Gastric carcinoma]],  [[Hairy cell leukemia]],  [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]],  [[Paraneoplastic phenomenon ]],  [[Renal carcinoma]],  [[Squamous cell carcinoma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic anxiety state]],  [[Depression]],  [[Panic disorders]],  [[Posttraumatic stress disorder]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bronchogenic carcinoma ]],  [[Hemoperitoneum]],  [[Klebsiella pneumoniae ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Perinephric abscess]],  [[Pyelonephritis]],  [[Renal carcinoma]],  [[Renal insufficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute gout]],  [[Giant cell arteritis]],  [[Rheumatic disease]],  [[Rheumatoid arthritis]],  [[Vasculitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Burns]],  [[Epidural hemorrhage]],  [[Hemarthrosis]],  [[Hemoperitoneum]],  [[Intra cerebral hemorrhage]],  [[Major tissue injury]],  [[Subdural hemorrhage]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia]],  [[Cigarette smoking]],  [[Emotional stress]],  [[Insect venoms]],  [[Physical stress]],  [[Vigorous exercise]]
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 22:47, 16 July 2013

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]


Overview

  • Alkaline phosphatase is an enyzme present throughout the body
  • Alkaline phosphatase functions optimally at pH 8.6
  • Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is a test that tests the level of enzyme within the white blood cells
  • Sometimes referred to as LAP

Causes of increased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase[1][2]

Common causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Atrial fibrillation, Giant cell arteritis, Hemorrhagic shock, Ischemic colitis, Myocardial infarction, Pericarditis, Subacute endocarditis, Vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning Camphor, Lead, Lithium, Mercury, Pyrogallol, Snakebite, Turpentine
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect All-trans retinoic acid, Arsphenamine, Catecholamines , Corticosteroids, Dapsone, Digitalis, Glucocortico steroids, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Oral contraceptives, Phenacetin, Quinidine, Sulfa drugs
Ear Nose Throat Tonsillitis
Endocrine Cushing disease, Diabetes, Diabetic coma, Diabetic ketoacidosis
Environmental Heatstroke
Gastroenterologic Appendicitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Gastric carcinoma, Hepatic necrosis, Ischemic colitis, Liver abscess, Liver fluke
Genetic Congenital Asplenia, Congenital neutropenia , Down syndrome, Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Hereditary neutrophilia, Hyposplenism, Klinefelter syndrome, Kostmann's syndrome, Leukocyte adhesion factor deficiency, Pelger-huet anomaly, Rac mutation
Hematologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, Aplastic anemia, Essential thrombocytopenia, Fanconi anemia, Hairy cell leukemia, Hemarthrosis, Hemolysis, Hemoperitoneum, Hemorrhagic shock, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Infectious mononucleosis , Megaloblastic anemia, Multiple myeloma, Myelofibrosis, Pelger-huet anomaly, Polycythemia vera
Iatrogenic Blood transfusion, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Post spleenectomy , Vaccination
Infectious Disease Actinomyces, Burkholderia mallei , Cellulitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Clostridium difficile, Coccidioides immitis, Escherichia coli, Herpes zoster, Infectious mononucleosis , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Liver abscess, Liver fluke, Malaria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Osteomyelitis, Otitis media, Pelvic abscess, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Perinephric abscess, Pertussis, Plague, Poliomyelitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyelonephritis, Rabies, Rheumatic disease, Rickettsia, Salmonella typhi, Salpingitis, Sepsis, Septic arthritis, Smallpox, Spirochetes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Subacute endocarditis, Tonsillitis, Varicella, Visceral larva migrans
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Septic arthritis
Neurologic Eclampsia, Epidural hemorrhage, Intra cerebral hemorrhage, Pre eclampsia, Subdural hemorrhage
Nutritional/Metabolic Diabetic coma, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Uremia
Obstetric/Gynecologic Cesarean delivery, Eclampsia, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Salpingitis
Oncologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, Bronchogenic carcinoma , Gastric carcinoma, Hairy cell leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Paraneoplastic phenomenon , Renal carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Chronic anxiety state, Depression, Panic disorders, Posttraumatic stress disorder
Pulmonary Bronchogenic carcinoma , Hemoperitoneum, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Renal/Electrolyte Perinephric abscess, Pyelonephritis, Renal carcinoma, Renal insufficiency
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Acute gout, Giant cell arteritis, Rheumatic disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Burns, Epidural hemorrhage, Hemarthrosis, Hemoperitoneum, Intra cerebral hemorrhage, Major tissue injury, Subdural hemorrhage
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia, Cigarette smoking, Emotional stress, Insect venoms, Physical stress, Vigorous exercise

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes of decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase[3][4]

Common causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
  3. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  4. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X


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