Vertigo causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hilda Mahmoudi M.D., M.P.H.^[2]

Overview

Vertigo caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system, which is composed of the semicircular canals, the otolith (utricle and saccule), and the vestibular nerve is called "peripheral", "otologic" or "vestibular" vertigo. The most common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which accounts for 32% of all peripheral vertigo. Other causes include Ménière's disease (12%),superior canal dehiscence syndrome, labyrinthitis and visual vertigo. Any cause of inflammation such as common cold, influenza, and bacterial infections may cause transient vertigo if it involves the inner ear, as may chemical insults (e.g., aminoglycosides) or physical trauma (e.g., skull fractures). Motion sickness is sometimes classified as a cause of peripheral vertigo.

Causes

Common Causes

• Alcohol
• Aminoglycosides
• Bacterial infection
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Cerebellar Stroke
• Cerebrovascular accident
• Common cold
• Head injury
• Influenza
• Labyrinthitis
• Medications
• Meniere's disease
• Migraine headaches
• Morning sickness
• Motion sickness
• Multiple sclerosis
• Otitis media
• Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
• Viral infection
• Visual vertigo

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Amanita muscaria, arsine, cyanide, multiple chemical sensitivity, nitrogen narcosis, snakebites , tsetse fly
Dermatologic	Neurofibromatosis
Drug Side Effect	3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, 4-ho-mpt, ace inhibitors, aminoglycosides, anti-obesity drug, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antiretroviral drug, biperiden, buspirone, cabergoline, daptomycin, flucytosine, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, gentamicin, histamine agonist, ibotenic acid, isosorbide mononitrate, ketorolac, loop diuretic, loprazolam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, malaria prophylaxis, medicines, minocycline, moclobemide, modafinil, nialamide, nitrazepam, oprelvekin, papaverine, paroxetine, perphenazine, praziquantel, sedatives, ssri discontinuation syndrome, streptomycin, sultiame, temazepam, trazodone, tuberculosis treatment, valaciclovir, venlafaxine, vigabatrin, viloxazine, zimelidine, zolmitriptan
Ear Nose Throat	Acoustic neuroma, cogan syndrome, earwax, herpes zoster oticus, labyrinth infarction, labyrinthine concussion, labyrinthitis, meniere's disease, otitis externa, otitis media, ototoxicity, perilymphatic fistula, semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, superior canal dehiscence syndrome, visual vertigo
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Microwave auditory effect, noise health effects
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Fabry's disease, neurofibromatosis
Hematologic	Polycythemia vera
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Bacterial infection, common cold, herpes zoster oticus, influenza, labyrinthitis, lyme disease, mastoiditis, syphillis, viral infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Acoustic neuroma, arachnoid cyst, arnold-chiari malformation, balance disorder, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, brain zaps, brainstem infarction, brainstem ischemia, brainstem stroke, bruns' syndrome, cerebellar hemorrhage, cerebellar infarction, cerebral shunt, cerebrovascular accident, colloid cyst, episodic ataxia, facial nerve paralysis, hydrocephalus, inferior cerebellar bleeding, inferior cerebellar infarction, lateral medullary syndrome, migraine headaches, migrainous vertigo, multiple sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, non-epileptic seizure, oculogyric crisis, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, ramsay hunt syndrome , recurrent vestibulopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, spinocerebellar ataxia, stroke, stroke recovery, tolosa-hunt syndrome, vasovagal episode, vasovagal syncope, vertebrobasilar inschemia, vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack, vestibular neuritis
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Hyperemesis gravidarum
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	Cogan's syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcohol, aminoglycosides, atenolol, cinchonism, drug overdose, gentamicin, hellebore
Psychiatric	Panic attack
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Cogan's syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Head injury, labyrinthine concussion, skull fractures
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Airsickness, chronic fatigue syndrome, decompression sickness, deep water blackout, morning sickness, motion sickness, sea-sickness, sound pressure, taravana, tobacco smoking, visceroptosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate

• 4-HO-MPT

• ACE inhibitors

• Acoustic neuroma

• Airsickness

• Alcohol

• Amanita muscaria

• Aminoglycosides

• Anti-obesity drug

• Antibiotics

• Anticonvulsants

• Antiretroviral drug

• Arachnoid cyst

• Arnold-Chiari malformation

• Arsine

• Atenolol

• Bacterial infection

• Balance disorder

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

• Biperiden

• Brain zaps

• Brainstem infarction

• Brainstem ischemia

• Brainstem stroke

• Bruns' syndrome

• Buspirone

• Cabergoline

• Cerebellar hemorrhage

• Cerebellar infarction

• Cerebral shunt

• Cerebrovascular accident

• Chronic fatigue syndrome

• Cinchonism

• Cogan syndrome

• Colloid cyst

• Common cold

• Cyanide

• Daptomycin

• Decompression sickness

• Deep water blackout

• Drug overdose

• Earwax

• Episodic ataxia

• Fabry's disease

• Facial nerve paralysis

• Flucytosine

• Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid

• Gentamicin

• Head injury

• Hellebore

• Herpes zoster oticus

• Histamine agonist

• Hydrocephalus

• Hyperemesis gravidarum

• Ibotenic acid

• Inferior cerebellar bleeding

• Inferior cerebellar infarction

• Influenza

• Isosorbide mononitrate

• Ketorolac

• Labyrinth infarction

• Labyrinthine concussion

• Labyrinthitis

• Lateral medullary syndrome

• Loop diuretic

• Loprazolam

• Lorazepam

• Lormetazepam

• Lyme disease

• Malaria prophylaxis

• Mastoiditis

• Medicines

• Meniere's disease

• Microwave auditory effect

• Migraine headaches

• Migrainous vertigo

• Minocycline

• Moclobemide

• Modafinil

• Morning sickness

• Motion sickness

• Multiple chemical sensitivity

• Multiple sclerosis

• Neurofibromatosis

• Nialamide

• Nitrazepam

• Nitrogen narcosis

• Noise health effects

• Non-epileptic seizure

• Oculogyric crisis

• Oprelvekin

• Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome

• Otitis externa

• Otitis media

• Ototoxicity

• Panic attack

• Papaverine

• Paroxetine

• Perilymphatic fistula

• Perphenazine

• Polycythemia vera

• Praziquantel

• Ramsay Hunt syndrome

• Recurrent vestibulopathy

• Sea-sickness

• Sedatives

• Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome

• Sensorineural hearing loss

• Skull fractures

• Snakebites

• Sound pressure

• Spinocerebellar ataxia

• SSRI discontinuation syndrome

• Streptomycin

• Stroke

• Stroke recovery

• Sultiame

• Superior canal dehiscence syndrome

• Syphillis

• Taravana

• Temazepam

• Tobacco smoking

• Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

• Trazodone

• Tsetse fly

• Tuberculosis treatment

• Valaciclovir

• Vasovagal episode

• Vasovagal syncope

• Venlafaxine

• Vertebrobasilar inschemia

• Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack

• Vestibular neuritis

• Vigabatrin

• Viloxazine

• Viral infection

• Visceroptosis

• Visual vertigo

• Zimelidine

• Zolmitriptan