Second degree AV block causes: Difference between revisions
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* [[Myocarditis]] | * [[Myocarditis]] | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[Acute rheumatic fever]] | * [[Acute rheumatic fever]] | ||
* AV nodal disease | * AV nodal disease | ||
* [[Bacterial endocarditis]], especially of the [[aortic valve]] | * [[Bacterial endocarditis]], especially of the [[aortic valve]] | ||
| Line 32: | Line 30: | ||
* Hypertension | * Hypertension | ||
* Iatrogenic after correction of [[VSD]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], and [[endocardial cushion defect]]. | * Iatrogenic after correction of [[VSD]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], and [[endocardial cushion defect]]. | ||
* Inferior [[ST elevation MI]] | |||
* Massive calcification of the mitral annulus | * Massive calcification of the mitral annulus | ||
* [[myocarditis]] | * [[myocarditis]] | ||
Revision as of 16:59, 22 August 2013
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Second degree AV block Microchapters |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Second degree AV block causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Mahmoud Sakr, M.D. [3]
Synonyms and keywords:; AV block, atrioventricular block, heart block, Mobitz type I AV block, Mobitz type II AV block, Advanced second degree AV block, (Wenckebach) AV block
Overview
Atrioventricular (AV) block is defined as an interruption in the transmission of an impulse, either transient or permanent, from the atria to the ventricles due to an anatomic or functional impairment in the conduction system. In second degree AV block, some atrial impulses fail to reach the ventricles. Wenckebach described progressive delay between atrial and ventricular contraction and the eventual failure of an atrial beat to reach the ventricles. Mobitz subsequently divided second degree AV block into two subtypes, as determined by the findings on the electrocardiogram. In Mobitz type I AV block, progressive PR interval prolongation precedes a non-conducted P wave. While in Mobitz type II AV block, the PR interval remains unchanged prior to a P wave that suddenly fails to conduct to the ventricles.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening conditions can result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Acute myocardial infarction; especially inferior MIs
- Acute rheumatic fever
- Bacterial endocarditis
- Myocarditis
Common Causes
- Acute rheumatic fever
- AV nodal disease
- Bacterial endocarditis, especially of the aortic valve
- β blockers may cause AV block
- Calcific aortic stenosis
- Degenerative diseases
- Digoxin
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Diltiazem
- Enhanced vagal tone
- HCM
- Hypertension
- Iatrogenic after correction of VSD, tetralogy of Fallot, and endocardial cushion defect.
- Inferior ST elevation MI
- Massive calcification of the mitral annulus
- myocarditis
- Normal variants
- Penetrating and non-penetrating trauma of the chest
- Rheumatic mitral valve disease
- Sclerodegenerative disease of the bundle branches first described by Lenegre
- Transposition of the great vessels
- Valvular Heart Disease
- verapamil
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | AV nodal disease, Myocarditis, Acute myocardial infarction (especially acute inferior MI), Hypertension, Acute rheumatic fever, Dilated cardiomyopathy, HCM, Myocarditis, Valvular heart disease, Transposition of the great vessels, ASDs, Ebstein's anomaly, VSD, Tetralogy of Fallot, Endocardial cushion defect |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Calcium channel blockers, Beta-blockers, Digitalis, Cardiac glycosides, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Quinidine,Procainamide |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Hemochromatosis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Acute rheumatic fever, Chagas disease, Diphtheria, Lyme disease, Myocarditis |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | Ankylosing spondylitis, Muscular dystrophy |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Sarcoidosis |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Ankylosing spondylitis, Dermatomyositis, Scleroderma, SLE |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Amyloidosis, Enhanced vagal tone (for example in athletes), Normal variants |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acute myocardial infarction (especially acute inferior MI)
- Acute rheumatic fever
- Amyloidosis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- ASD
- AV nodal disease
- Beta-blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Cardiac glycosides
- Chagas disease
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Dermatomyositis
- Digitalis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Diphtheria
- Ebstein's anomaly
- Endocardial cushion defect
- Enhanced vagal tone (for example in athletes)
- HCM
- Hemochromatosis
- Hypertension
- Lyme disease
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myocarditis
- Normal variants
- Procainamide
- Quinidine
- Sarcoidosis
- Scleroderma
- SLE
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Transposition of the great vessels
- Valvular heart disease
- VSD