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==Overview==


#REDIRECT [[PR interval#Changes in PR interval]]
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
*[[Respiratory failure|Acute respiratory failure]]
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
*[[Digitalis toxicity]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
 
===Common Causes===
*[[Hypertensive heart disease]]
*[[Junctional tachycardia]]
*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]<ref name="MacKenzie-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = MacKenzie | first1 = R. | title = Short PR interval. | journal = J Insur Med | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 145-52 | month =  | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16060547 }}</ref>
 
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease]],  [[congestive heart failure]],  [[coronary heart disease]],  [[dilated cardiomyopathy]],  [[Ebstein’s anomaly]],  [[hypertensive heart disease]],  [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]],  [[ischemic heart disease]],  [[junctional tachycardia]],  [[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]],  [[Mahaim fibers|Mahaim fiber tachycardia]],  [[mitral regurgitation]],  [[mitral stenosis]],  [[mitral valve prolapse]],  [[myocardial infarction]],  [[myocarditis]],  [[obstructive sleep apnea]],  [[pericarditis]],  [[restrictive cardiomyopathy]],  [[rheumatic fever]],  [[sustained ventricular tachycardia]],  [[valvular heart disease]],  [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[5-fluorouracil]],  [[aminophylline]],  [[amiodarone]],  [[amlodipine]],  [[amphetamines]],  [[beta blockers]],  [[carbamazepine]],  [[cimetidine]],  [[clonidine]],  [[digoxin]],  [[diltiazem]],  [[dobutamine]],  [[ephedrine]],  [[flumazenil]],  [[guanethidine]],  [[isoproterenol]],  [[lithium]],  [[methyldopa]],  [[phenylephrine]],  [[reserpine]],  [[salbutamol]],  [[sympathomimetic agents]],  [[tacrolimus]],  [[theophylline]],  [[thiazides]],  [[verapamil]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cushing's syndrome]],  [[diabetic ketoacidosis]],  [[hypothyroidism]],  [[pheochromocytoma]],  [[thyrotoxicosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]],  [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]],  [[Fabry disease]],  [[Friedreich ataxia]],  [[Glycogen storage disease|glycogen storage disease II]],  [[hemochromatosis]],  [[Long QT Syndrome classification#LQT4|LQT type 4]],  [[Glycogen storage disease|Pompe disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardioversion]],  [[pacemaker malfunction]],  [[permanent pacemaker]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chagas disease]],  [[diphtheria]],  [[leptospirosis]],  [[Lyme disease]],  [[pneumonia]],  [[rheumatic fever]],  [[salmonella]],  [[trichinosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]],  [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Friedreich ataxia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]],  [[Fabry disease]],  [[Glycogen storage disease|glycogen storage disease II]],  [[hypocalcemia]],  [[hypokalemia]],  [[hypomagnesemia]],  [[Glycogen storage disease|Pompe disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]],  [[cocaine]],  [[digoxin]],  [[grayanotoxin]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Respiratory failure|Acute respiratory failure]],  [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]],  [[obstructive sleep apnea]],  [[pneumonia]],  [[pulmonary embolism]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Scleroderma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic]]
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[5-fluorouracil]]
*[[Respiratory failure|Acute respiratory failure]]
*[[Aminophylline]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amlodipine]]
*[[Amphetamines]]
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Beta blockers]]
*[[Cannabis]]
*[[Carbamazepine]]
*[[Cardioversion]]
*[[Chagas disease]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[Cimetidine]]
*[[Clonidine]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Congenital heart disease]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
*[[Cushing's syndrome]]
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
*[[Digoxin]]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Diltiazem]]
*[[Diphtheria]]
*[[Dobutamine]]
*[[Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]]<ref name="Perloff-1984">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Perloff | first1 = JK. | title = Cardiac rhythm and conduction in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: a prospective study of 20 patients. | journal = J Am Coll Cardiol | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = 1263-8 | month = May | year = 1984 | doi =  | PMID = 6707378 }}</ref>
*[[Ebstein’s anomaly]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Ephedrine]]
*[[Fabry disease]]<ref name="Efthimiou-1986">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Efthimiou | first1 = J. | last2 = McLelland | first2 = J. | last3 = Betteridge | first3 = DJ. | title = Short PR intervals and tachyarrhythmias in Fabry's disease. | journal = Postgrad Med J | volume = 62 | issue = 726 | pages = 285-7 | month = Apr | year = 1986 | doi =  | PMID = 3086855 }}</ref>
*[[Flumazenil]]
*[[Friedreich ataxia]]
*[[Glycogen storage disease|Glycogen storage disease II]]
*[[Grayanotoxin]]
*[[Guanethidine]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hypertensive heart disease]]
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
*[[Isoproterenol]]
*[[Junctional tachycardia]]
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Lithium]]
*[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]]
*[[Long QT Syndrome classification#LQT4|LQT type 4]]
*[[Lyme disease]]
*[[Mahaim fibers|Mahaim fiber tachycardia]]
*[[Methyldopa]]
*[[Mitral regurgitation]]
*[[Mitral stenosis]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Pacemaker malfunction]]
*[[Pericarditis]]
*[[Permanent pacemaker]]
*[[Phenylephrine]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]<ref name="Huang-1984">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Huang | first1 = SK. | last2 = Rosenberg | first2 = MJ. | last3 = Denes | first3 = P. | title = Short PR interval and narrow QRS complex associated with pheochromocytoma: electrophysiologic observations. | journal = J Am Coll Cardiol | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 872-5 | month = Mar | year = 1984 | doi =  | PMID = 6693659 }}</ref>
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Glycogen storage disease|Pompe disease]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Reserpine]]
*[[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Rheumatic fever]]
*[[Salbutamol]]
*[[Salmonella]]
*[[Scleroderma]]
*[[Sustained ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Sympathomimetic agents]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Theophylline]]
*[[Thiazides]]
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
*[[Trichinosis]]
*[[Valvular heart disease]]
*[[Verapamil]]
*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]<ref name="Castellanos-1971">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Castellanos | first1 = A. | last2 = Castillo | first2 = CA. | last3 = Agha | first3 = AS. | last4 = Tessler | first4 = M. | title = His bundle electrograms in patients with short P-R intervals, narrow QRS complexes, and paroxysmal tachycardias. | journal = Circulation | volume = 43 | issue = 5 | pages = 667-78 | month = May | year = 1971 | doi =  | PMID = 5578843 }}</ref>
{{col-end}}
 
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Arrhythmia]]
[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Revision as of 17:07, 23 August 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, Ebstein’s anomaly, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, junctional tachycardia, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, Mahaim fiber tachycardia, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, rheumatic fever, sustained ventricular tachycardia, valvular heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect 5-fluorouracil, aminophylline, amiodarone, amlodipine, amphetamines, beta blockers, carbamazepine, cimetidine, clonidine, digoxin, diltiazem, dobutamine, ephedrine, flumazenil, guanethidine, isoproterenol, lithium, methyldopa, phenylephrine, reserpine, salbutamol, sympathomimetic agents, tacrolimus, theophylline, thiazides, verapamil
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Cushing's syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypothyroidism, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Fabry disease, Friedreich ataxia, glycogen storage disease II, hemochromatosis, LQT type 4, Pompe disease
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Cardioversion, pacemaker malfunction, permanent pacemaker
Infectious Disease Chagas disease, diphtheria, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, salmonella, trichinosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Neurologic Friedreich ataxia
Nutritional/Metabolic Diabetic ketoacidosis, Fabry disease, glycogen storage disease II, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, Pompe disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Cannabis, cocaine, digoxin, grayanotoxin
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Acute respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism
Renal/Electrolyte Chronic renal failure
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Scleroderma
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ MacKenzie, R. (2005). "Short PR interval". J Insur Med. 37 (2): 145–52. PMID 16060547.
  2. ↑ Perloff, JK. (1984). "Cardiac rhythm and conduction in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: a prospective study of 20 patients". J Am Coll Cardiol. 3 (5): 1263–8. PMID 6707378. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Efthimiou, J.; McLelland, J.; Betteridge, DJ. (1986). "Short PR intervals and tachyarrhythmias in Fabry's disease". Postgrad Med J. 62 (726): 285–7. PMID 3086855. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Huang, SK.; Rosenberg, MJ.; Denes, P. (1984). "Short PR interval and narrow QRS complex associated with pheochromocytoma: electrophysiologic observations". J Am Coll Cardiol. 3 (3): 872–5. PMID 6693659. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Castellanos, A.; Castillo, CA.; Agha, AS.; Tessler, M. (1971). "His bundle electrograms in patients with short P-R intervals, narrow QRS complexes, and paroxysmal tachycardias". Circulation. 43 (5): 667–78. PMID 5578843. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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