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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Aging]]
*[[Beta blocker]]
*[[Calcium channel blocker]]
*[[Cardiac catheterization]]
*[[Electrolyte imbalance]]
*[[Hypothermia]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Sedative]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Sleep]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===

Revision as of 19:46, 26 August 2013

Sinus bradycardia Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sinus bradycardia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Sinus bradycardia causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Carotid sinus hypersensitivity , endocarditis , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, LQT4 mutation, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, pericarditis, sick sinus syndrome, vasovagal syncope
Chemical/Poisoning Carbamate poisoning, lily of the valley poisoning, nerve agent, organophosphates
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Adenosine, alfentanil, ambenonium, amiodarone, atenolol, bethanechol, bupivacaine, calcium channel blocker, celecoxib, cilobradine,[1] citalopram, clonidine, deserpidine, diltiazem, dimethyl sulfoxide, distigmine, dronedarone, febuxostat, fentanyl,fingolimod, flecainide, fosphenytoin, grayanotoxin, guanethidine, H2 receptor antagonist, ivabradine, lanreotide, lidocaine , lofexidine, mefloquine, methyldopa, mexiletine, muscarine, nadolol, nefazodone,neostigmine, paclitaxel , palonosetron, physostigmine , procainamide , propranolol , quinidine , rabeprazole, regadenoson, reserpine, sedative, somatostatin, sotalol, sufentanil,suxamethonium, toluene sniffing, topical cocaine, verapamil, veratridine (false hellebore), zaleplon, zatebradine [2]
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Cretinism , diabetic neuropathy, hemochromatosis, hypothyroidism, tumor lysis syndrome
Environmental Altitude sickness, decompression sickness , electric shock, hypothermia
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Arnold-Chiari malformation, cretinism, HCN4 mutation, hemochromatosis, LQT4 mutation, myotonic dystrophy , SCN5A mutation
Hematologic Hemochromatosis
Iatrogenic Cardiac catheterization , cardiac transplantation, toluene sniffing, transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Infectious Disease Babesiosis , brucellosis, Chagas disease, dengue fever , diptheria, legionellosis, leptospirosis , Lyme disease, malaria, meningitis , Q fever , rabies, rheumatic fever, rocky mountain spotted fever , sepsis , trichinosis , typhoid fever , typhus, viral hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic Cerebral edema , diabetic neuropathy, epilepsy, increased intracranial pressure, meningitis, rabies, subarachnoid hemorrhage , vasovagal syncope
Nutritional/Metabolic Hypoglycemia , kwashiorkor, sepsis
Obstetric/Gynecologic Pregnancy
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Crizotinib toxicity, digitalis toxicity, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, ibutilide toxicity, lithium toxicity
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary Cough syncope, drowning, hypercapnia, obstructive sleep apnea, sarcoidosis
Renal/Electrolyte Hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypokalemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Amyloidosis, neonatal lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Cervical spine injury
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Aging, altitude sickness, decompression sickness, defecation , drowning, micturition syncope, nausea, sleep, starvation , trained athletes, valsalva maneuver, vomiting

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ van bogaert, pp.; pittoors, f. (2003). "use-dependent blockade of cardiac pacemaker current (if) by cilobradine and zatebradine". eur j pharmacol. 478 (2–3): 161–71. PMID 14575801. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Van Bogaert, PP.; Pittoors, F. (2003). "Use-dependent blockade of cardiac pacemaker current (If) by cilobradine and zatebradine". Eur J Pharmacol. 478 (2–3): 161–71. PMID 14575801. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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