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==Causes==
==Causes==
Causes include [[atherosclerosis]],<ref name="pmid18466032">{{cite journal |author=Nichols L, Lagana S, Parwani A |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review and hypothesis regarding etiology |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=132 |issue=5 |pages=823–8 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18466032 |doi= |url=http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=132&page=823}}</ref> [[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid17456996">{{cite journal |author=Fukazawa R, Ikegam E, Watanabe M, ''et al'' |title=Coronary artery aneurysm induced by Kawasaki disease in children show features typical senescence |journal=Circ. J. |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=709–15 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17456996 |doi= |url=http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/circj/71.709?from=PubMed}}</ref> and [[coronary catheterization]] as well as vasculitides and collagen vascular diseases.
* [[Atherosclerosis]]<ref name="pmid18466032">{{cite journal |author=Nichols L, Lagana S, Parwani A |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review and hypothesis regarding etiology |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=132 |issue=5 |pages=823–8 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18466032 |doi= |url=http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=132&page=823}}</ref>
* [[Collagen vascular diseases]]
* [[Coronary catheterization]]
* [[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid17456996">{{cite journal |author=Fukazawa R, Ikegam E, Watanabe M, ''et al'' |title=Coronary artery aneurysm induced by Kawasaki disease in children show features typical senescence |journal=Circ. J. |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=709–15 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17456996 |doi= |url=http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/circj/71.709?from=PubMed}}</ref>
* [[Vasculitides]]


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==

Revision as of 15:15, 6 September 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: CAA

Overview

Coronary artery aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation of a coronary artery segment over 1.5 times the diameter of normal adjacent segment.[1] An aneurysm can be classified as either saccular (wider than it is long) or fusiform (elongated).

Grading System

A localized arterial widening (dilatation) that usually manifests itself as a bulge. Its presence may lead to weakening of the wall and eventual rupture.

Grade 0

None – no ectasia present.

Grade 1

Ectasia – visual assessment of ectasia >1 & < 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.

Grade 2

Aneurysm – visual assessment of an aneurysm > 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.

Shown below are an animated image and a static image depicting an aneurysm in the left coronary artery. Outlined in yellow in the image on the right is the localized aneurysm which is a dilatation of the coronary artery segment >1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent segments on the LCA.

Left coronary artery aneurysm Left coronary artery aneurysm

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The incidence of CAA ranges widely between 0.3-5.3% within angiographic series with a mean incidence of 1.65%.[4] A highest incidence of 10-12% was reported in a study from India. Perhaps reflecting a specific genetic and/or environmental predisposition.[5]
  • CAA of left main artery or triple-vessel CAA are rare.[6]

Prognosis

Coronary artery aneurysm has a good prognosis.[8]

Diagnosis

It is often found coincidentally on coronary angiography.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Jarcho S (1969). "Bougon on coronary aneurysm (1812)". Am J Cardiol. 24 (4): 551–3. PMID 4897732.
  2. ↑ Nichols L, Lagana S, Parwani A (2008). "Coronary artery aneurysm: a review and hypothesis regarding etiology". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 132 (5): 823–8. PMID 18466032. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Fukazawa R, Ikegam E, Watanabe M; et al. (2007). "Coronary artery aneurysm induced by Kawasaki disease in children show features typical senescence". Circ. J. 71 (5): 709–15. PMID 17456996. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Hartnell GG, Parnell BM, Pridie RB (1985). "Coronary artery ectasia. Its prevalence and clinical significance in 4993 patients". Br Heart J. 54 (4): 392–5. PMC 481917. PMID 4052280.
  5. ↑ Sharma SN, Kaul U, Sharma S, Wasir HS, Manchanda SC, Bahl VK; et al. (1990). "Coronary arteriographic profile in young and old Indian patients with ischaemic heart disease: a comparative study". Indian Heart J. 42 (5): 365–9. PMID 2086442.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Villines TC, Avedissian LS, Elgin EE (2005). "Diffuse nonatherosclerotic coronary aneurysms: an unusual cause of sudden death in a young male and a literature review". Cardiol Rev. 13 (6): 309–11. PMID 16230889.
  7. ↑ Swaye PS, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Vignola PA, Judkins MP, Kemp HG; et al. (1983). "Aneurysmal coronary artery disease". Circulation. 67 (1): 134–8. PMID 6847792.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Pahlavan PS, Niroomand F (2006). "Coronary artery aneurysm: a review". Clin Cardiol. 29 (10): 439–43. PMID 17063947. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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