First degree AV block causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
An atrioventricular block (or AV block) is a type of [[heart block]] involving an impairment of the conduction between the [[atria]] and the [[ventricles]] of the heart.<ref>{{Dorlands|b_16|12188991}}</ref> | An atrioventricular block (or AV block) is a type of [[heart block]] involving an impairment of the conduction between the [[atria]] and the [[ventricles]] of the heart.<ref>{{Dorlands|b_16|12188991}}</ref> It usually involves the [[atrioventricular node]], but it can involve other structures too. AV block is categorized according to the degree and the site of conduction block. In first-degree AV block, all atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles; however, there is a delay in conduction within the [[AV node]] resulting in a [[prolonged PR interval]] on [[ECG]] (>200 msec or >5 small blocks). In other words, first degree block is a slowed conduction without loss of atrioventricular synchrony. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | ||
*[[Acute myocardial infarction]] | |||
* [[Acute myocardial infarction]] | *[[Acute rheumatic fever]] | ||
* [[Acute rheumatic fever]] | *[[Bacterial endocarditis]] | ||
* [[Bacterial endocarditis]] | *[[Myocarditis]] | ||
* [[Myocarditis]] | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[Hyperkalemia]] | *[[Hyperkalemia]] | ||
* [[Hyperthyroidism]] | *[[Hyperthyroidism]] | ||
* [[vagus nerve|Increased vagal tone]] (e.g. [[sleep]], athletes) | *[[vagus nerve|Increased vagal tone]] (e.g. [[sleep]], athletes) | ||
* [[Ischemic heart disease]] | *[[Ischemic heart disease]] | ||
* Medications ( e.g. [[adenosine]], [[amiodarone]], [[beta-blockers]], [[diltiazem]], [[procainamide]], [[verapamil]]) | *Medications ( e.g. [[adenosine]], [[amiodarone]], [[beta-blockers]], [[diltiazem]], [[procainamide]], [[verapamil]]) | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Acute myocardial infarction]], [[acute rheumatic fever]], [[ASD]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity|hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome]], [[hypertension]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[Lev's disease]], [[myocardial bridging]], [[myocarditis]], [[Aortic valve replacement|post aortic valve replacement]], [[catheter ablation|post catheter ablation for arrhythmias]], [[ventricular septal defect surgery|post closure of a ventricular septal defect]], [[mitral valve replacement|post mitral valve replacement]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[endocardial cushion defect]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[VSD]] | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute myocardial infarction]], [[acute rheumatic fever]], [[ASD]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity|hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome]], [[hypertension]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[Lev's disease]], [[myocardial bridging]], [[myocarditis]], [[Aortic valve replacement|post aortic valve replacement]], [[catheter ablation|post catheter ablation for arrhythmias]], [[ventricular septal defect surgery|post closure of a ventricular septal defect]], [[mitral valve replacement|post mitral valve replacement]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[endocardial cushion defect]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[VSD]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| Line 141: | Line 139: | ||
{{col-begin|width=80%}} | {{col-begin|width=80%}} | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | {{col-break|width=33%}} | ||
* [[Acute myocardial infarction]] | *[[Acute myocardial infarction]] | ||
*[[Acute rheumatic fever]] | |||
* [[Acute rheumatic fever]] | *[[Amyloidosis]] | ||
*[[Ankylosing spondylitis]] | |||
* [[Amyloidosis]] | *[[ASD]] | ||
*[[Bacterial endocarditis]] | |||
* [[Ankylosing spondylitis]] | *[[Beta-blockers]] | ||
*[[Calcific aortic stenosis]] | |||
* [[ASD]] | *[[Calcium channel blockers]] | ||
*[[Cardiac glycosides]] | |||
* [[Bacterial endocarditis]] | *[[Cardiac tumors]] | ||
*[[Chagas disease]] | |||
* [[Beta-blockers]] | *[[Cholinesterase inhibitors]] | ||
*[[Clonidine]] | |||
* [[Calcific aortic stenosis]] | *[[Degenerative diseases]] | ||
*[[Dermatomyositis]] | |||
* [[Calcium channel blockers]] | *[[Digitalis]] | ||
*[[Digoxin]] | |||
* [[Cardiac glycosides]] | *[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]] | ||
*[[Diltiazem]] | |||
* [[Cardiac tumors]] | *[[Diphtheria]] | ||
*[[Disopyramide]] | |||
* [[Chagas disease]] | *[[Dolasetron]] | ||
*[[Donepezil]] | |||
* [[Cholinesterase inhibitors]] | *[[Ebstein anomaly]] | ||
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]] | |||
* [[Clonidine]] | *[[Electrolyte disturbances]] | ||
*[[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]] | |||
* [[Degenerative diseases]] | *[[vagus nerve|Enhanced vagal tone in athletes]] | ||
*[[Eslicarbazepine acetate]] | |||
* [[Dermatomyositis]] | |||
* [[Digitalis]] | |||
* [[Digoxin]] | |||
* [[Dilated cardiomyopathy]] | |||
* [[Diltiazem]] | |||
* [[Diphtheria]] | |||
* [[Disopyramide]] | |||
* [[Dolasetron]] | |||
* [[Donepezil]] | |||
* [[Ebstein anomaly]] | |||
* [[Ebstein's anomaly]] | |||
* [[Electrolyte disturbances]] | |||
* [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy | |||
* [[vagus nerve| | |||
* [[Eslicarbazepine acetate]] | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | {{col-break|width=33%}} | ||
*[[Fabry disease]] | |||
* [[Fabry disease]] | *[[Fesoterodine]] | ||
*[[Fingolimod]] | |||
* [[Fesoterodine]] | *[[Glycogenosis type 2b]] | ||
*[[HCM]] | |||
* [[Fingolimod]] | |||
* [[Glycogenosis type 2b]] | |||
* [[HCM]] | |||
* [[Neuromuscular disease|hereditary neuromuscular disease]] | * [[Neuromuscular disease|hereditary neuromuscular disease]] | ||
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] | |||
* [[Hodgkin lymphoma]] | *[[Hyperkalaemia]] | ||
*[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity|Hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome]] | |||
* [[Hyperkalaemia]] | *[[Hyperthyroidism]] | ||
*[[Hypokalaemia]] | |||
* [[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity|Hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome]] | *[[Hypothermia]] | ||
*[[Ibutilide]] | |||
* [[Hyperthyroidism]] | *[[Ischaemic heart disease]] | ||
*[[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]] | |||
* [[Hypokalaemia]] | *[[Labetalol]] | ||
*[[Lacosamide]] | |||
* [[Hypothermia]] | *[[Lanatoside C]] | ||
*[[Lenegre's disease]] | |||
* [[Ibutilide]] | *[[Lev's disease]] | ||
*[[Lyme disease]] | |||
* [[Ischaemic heart disease]] | *[[Mitochondrial DNA|Mitochondrial genome inherited conditions]] | ||
*[[Multiple myeloma]] | |||
* [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]] | *[[Muscular dystrophy]] | ||
*[[Myocardial bridging]] | |||
* [[Labetalol]] | *[[Myocarditis]] | ||
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]] | |||
* [[Lacosamide]] | *[[Myxedema]] | ||
*[[neonatal lupus erythematosus]] | |||
* [[Lanatoside C]] | |||
* [[Lenegre's disease]] | |||
* [[Lev's disease]] | |||
* [[Lyme disease]] | |||
* [[Mitochondrial DNA|Mitochondrial genome inherited conditions]] | |||
* [[Multiple myeloma]] | |||
* [[Muscular dystrophy]] | |||
* [[Myocardial bridging]] | |||
* [[Myocarditis]] | |||
* [[Myotonic dystrophy]] | |||
* [[Myxedema]] | |||
* [[neonatal lupus erythematosus | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | {{col-break|width=33%}} | ||
*[[prolonged PR interval|Normal variants of PR prolongation]] | |||
* [[aortic valve replacement|Post aortic valve replacement ]] | *[[Paliperidone]] | ||
*[[aortic valve replacement|Post aortic valve replacement ]] | |||
* [[catheter ablation|Post catheter ablation for arrhythmias]] | *[[catheter ablation|Post catheter ablation for arrhythmias]] | ||
*[[Ventricular septal defect surgery|Post closure of a ventricular septal defect]] | |||
* [[Ventricular septal defect surgery|Post closure of a ventricular septal defect]] | *[[mitral valve replacement|Post mitral valve replacement]] | ||
*[[Procainamide]] | |||
* [[mitral valve replacement|Post mitral valve replacement]] | *[[Propoxyphene]] | ||
*[[Propranolol]] | |||
* [[Procainamide ]] | *[[Protozoa|Protozoal infection]] | ||
*[[Quinidine]] | |||
* [[Propoxyphene]] | *[[Quinine]] | ||
*[[Rheumatic fever|Rheumatic mitral valve disease]] | |||
* [[Propranolol]] | *[[Sarcoidosis]] | ||
*[[SLE]] | |||
* [[Protozoa|Protozoal infection]] | *[[Sleep]] | ||
*[[Systemic sclerosis]] | |||
* [[Quinidine]] | *[[Terodiline]] | ||
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]] | |||
* [[Quinine]] | *[[periodic paralysis|Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]] | ||
*[[Tolterodine]] | |||
* [[Rheumatic fever|Rheumatic mitral valve disease]] | *[[Transposition of the great vessels]] | ||
*[[Trauma]] | |||
* [[Sarcoidosis]] | *[[vagus nerve|Vagal maneuvers]] | ||
*[[Valsalva maneuver]] | |||
* [[SLE]] | *[[Valvular heart disease]] | ||
*[[Verapamil]] | |||
* [[Sleep ]] | *[[VSD]] | ||
*[[sex linkage|X-linked inherited conditions]] | |||
* [[Systemic sclerosis]] | |||
* [[Terodiline]] | |||
* [[Tetralogy of | |||
* [[periodic paralysis|Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]] | |||
* [[Tolterodine]] | |||
* [[Transposition of the great vessels]] | |||
* [[Trauma]] | |||
* [[vagus nerve|Vagal maneuvers]] | |||
* [[Valsalva | |||
* [[Valvular heart disease]] | |||
* [[Verapamil]] | |||
* [[VSD]] | |||
* [[sex linkage|X-linked inherited conditions]] | |||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
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{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Arrhythmia]] | [[Category:Arrhythmia]] | ||
[[Category:Electrophysiology]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | |||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | |||
Revision as of 17:22, 6 September 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
An atrioventricular block (or AV block) is a type of heart block involving an impairment of the conduction between the atria and the ventricles of the heart.[1] It usually involves the atrioventricular node, but it can involve other structures too. AV block is categorized according to the degree and the site of conduction block. In first-degree AV block, all atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles; however, there is a delay in conduction within the AV node resulting in a prolonged PR interval on ECG (>200 msec or >5 small blocks). In other words, first degree block is a slowed conduction without loss of atrioventricular synchrony.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Increased vagal tone (e.g. sleep, athletes)
- Ischemic heart disease
- Medications ( e.g. adenosine, amiodarone, beta-blockers, diltiazem, procainamide, verapamil)