Lipoprotein disorders

Lipoprotein disorders
ICD-10	E78
ICD-9	272
MeSH	C18.452.339

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Dyslipidemia is a disruption in the amount of lipids in the blood.

In western societies, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet and lifestyle. The prolonged elevation of insulin levels can lead to dyslipidemia.

Classification

There are two major ways in which dyslipidemias are classified:

• Phenotype, or the presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
• Etiology, or the reason for the condition (genetic, or secondary to another condition.) This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.

Algorithm

Dyslipidemia

Hypolipidemia

Hyperlipidemia

Familial combined hypolipidemia

Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassenn-Kornzweig syndrome)

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Type I: Familial hyperchylomicronemia

Type II

Type III: Dysbetalipoproteinemia

Type IV Familial hypertriglyceridemia D05= Type V: Familial mixed hypertriglyceridimia

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Types

Increases

• Hyperlipidemia: lipids

• Hypercholesterolemia: cholesterol
• Hypertriglyceridemia: triglycerides

• Hyperlipoproteinemia: lipoproteins (usually LDL unless otherwise specified)
• Hyperchylomicronemia: chylomicrons

• Combined hyperlipidemia: both LDL and triglycerides

• Familial hypercholesterolemia is a specific form of hypercholesterolemia due to a defect on chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3).

Decreases

• Hypolipoproteinemia: lipoproteins
• Hypocholesterolemia: cholesterol
• Abetalipoproteinemia: beta lipoproteins
• Tangier disease: high density lipoprotein

Related Chapters

• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Hypertriglyceridemia
• Hyperlipoproteinemia