High cholesterol causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

High cholesterol level can result from various causes which include: genetic (e.g. apo A-I deficiency, apolipoprotein B deficiency, apolipoprotein C2 deficiency, apoliprotein E deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia); side effect of medications (e.g. antiretroviral therapy, beta blockers, corticosteroids); metabolic (e.g. metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, obesity, Zieve's syndrome), endocrine (e.g. polycystic ovary syndrome, Werner syndrome) and many other conditions.

Causes

Common Causes

• Apo A-I deficiency
• Berardinelli–Seip syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Alcoholism
• Hypothyroidism
• IgA nephropathy
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Metabolic syndrome
• Alagille syndrome
• Alström syndrome
• Analbuminaemia
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Apolipoprotein B deficiency
• Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency
• Apoliprotein E deficiency
• Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia
• Beta blockers

• Binge eating disorder
• Chronic kidney disease
• Corticosteroids
• Cyclosporine
• Estrogens
• Everolimus
• Familial combined hyperlipidemia
• Familial hypercholesterolemia
• Fosamprenavir
• Glycogen storage disease type 1a
• Glycogenosis type 3
• Glycogenosis type 6
• Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5
• Hypothyroidism
• Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
• Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• Mitotane

• Nephrotic syndrome
• Niemann-Pick disease type B
• Obesity
• Olanzapine
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Sirolimus
• Stauffer syndrome
• Tamoxifen
• Temsirolimus
• Thiazide diuretics
• Tocilizumab
• Tofacitinib
• Werner syndrome
• Zieve's syndrome

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Alagille syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Antiretroviral therapy, beta blockers, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, estrogens, everolimus, fosamprenavir, mitotane, olanzapine, sirolimus, tamoxifen , temsirolimus, thiazide diuretics, tocilizumab, tofacitinib
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, Werner syndrome
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Glycogenosis type 6, Niemann-Pick disease type B , primary biliary cirrhosis, Stauffer syndrome, Zieve's syndrome
Genetic	Apo A-I deficiency, apolipoprotein B deficiency, apolipoprotein C2 deficiency, apoliprotein e deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, glycogen storage disease type 1a, glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease type b, Werner syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, obesity, Zieve's syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Apo A-I deficiency
• Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia
• Alagille syndrome
• Alström syndrome
• Analbuminaemia
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Apolipoprotein B deficiency
• Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency
• Apoliprotein E deficiency
• Alcoholism
• Beta blockers
• Binge eating disorder
• Berardinelli–Seip syndrome
• Chronic kidney disease
• Corticosteroids
• Cyclosporine
• Diabetes mellitus

• Estrogens
• Everolimus
• Familial combined hyperlipidemia
• Familial hypercholesterolemia
• Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5
• Fosamprenavir
• Glycogen storage disease type 1a
• Glycogenosis type 3
• Glycogenosis type 6
• Hypothyroidism
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• IgA nephropathy
• Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
• Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• Mitotane
• Metabolic syndrome

• Nephrotic syndrome
• Niemann-Pick disease type B
• Obesity
• Olanzapine
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Sirolimus
• Stauffer syndrome
• Tamoxifen
• Temsirolimus
• Thiazide diuretics
• Tocilizumab
• Tofacitinib
• Werner syndrome
• Zieve's syndrome

References

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