High density lipoprotein classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
===Size=== | |||
One classification is: | |||
* HDL 2 (large) | |||
** HDL2b | |||
** HDL2a ( note that HDL b>HDL a) | |||
* HDL3 (small) | |||
** HDL3a | |||
** HDL3b | |||
** HDL3c ( note that HDL3a> HDL3b> HDL3c) | |||
Another classification is: | |||
* Very large HDL particles (VL-HDL) | |||
* Large HDL particles (L-HDL) | |||
* Medium HDL particles (M-HDL) | |||
* Small HDL particles (S-HDL) | |||
* Very-small HDL particles (VS-HDL) | |||
* Pre-β-1 HDL (role in macrophage cholesterol efflux)<ref name="pmid21266551">{{cite journal| author=Rosenson RS, Brewer HB, Chapman MJ, Fazio S, Hussain MM, Kontush A et al.| title=HDL measures, particle heterogeneity, proposed nomenclature, and relation to atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. | journal=Clin Chem | year= 2011 | volume= 57 | issue= 3 | pages= 392-410 | pmid=21266551 | doi=10.1373/clinchem.2010.155333 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21266551 }} </ref> | |||
==Apolipoprotein Content== | |||
* Lipoprotein A-I | |||
** HDL contains ApoA-I | |||
* Lipoprotein A-I:A-II | |||
** HDL contains ApoA-I and ApoA-II | |||
===Based on Physicochemical Properties=== | ===Based on Physicochemical Properties=== | ||
| Line 19: | Line 42: | ||
** Large HDL: 8.8 to 13 nm. It corresponds to the HDL 2a and 2b from the physico-chemical subgroups | ** Large HDL: 8.8 to 13 nm. It corresponds to the HDL 2a and 2b from the physico-chemical subgroups | ||
** Small HDL: 7.3 to 8.2 nm. This corresponds with the HDL 3b and 3c of the physico-chemical subgroups | ** Small HDL: 7.3 to 8.2 nm. This corresponds with the HDL 3b and 3c of the physico-chemical subgroups | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:44, 20 September 2013
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High Density Lipoprotein Microchapters |
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High density lipoprotein classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of High density lipoprotein classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for High density lipoprotein classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
HDL is the most heterogeneous and the most complicated among the lipoproteins. HDL does not only represent one structure but rather refer to a dynamic collection of HDL subgroups which are sequentially produced. The different HDL subgroups differ in their physiochemical characteristics, lipid components, apolipoprotein types, electrophoretic mobility, density and function.[1][2]
Classification
Size
One classification is:
- HDL 2 (large)
- HDL2b
- HDL2a ( note that HDL b>HDL a)
- HDL3 (small)
- HDL3a
- HDL3b
- HDL3c ( note that HDL3a> HDL3b> HDL3c)
Another classification is:
- Very large HDL particles (VL-HDL)
- Large HDL particles (L-HDL)
- Medium HDL particles (M-HDL)
- Small HDL particles (S-HDL)
- Very-small HDL particles (VS-HDL)
- Pre-β-1 HDL (role in macrophage cholesterol efflux)[1]
Apolipoprotein Content
- Lipoprotein A-I
- HDL contains ApoA-I
- Lipoprotein A-I:A-II
- HDL contains ApoA-I and ApoA-II
Based on Physicochemical Properties
- HDL2 density is from the Apo A-I HDL particles, whereas HDL3 density is from Apo A-I and Apo A-II.
- Many studies have postulated an association between cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissue, and Apo A-I HDL particles, whereas the HDL3 containing both Apo AI and A-II are less effective. [3] [4] [5]
- Moreover, the Apo A-II are known to disturb the metabolism of large VLDL and encourage visceral fat accumulation.
Based on NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Ray) Spectroscopy
- NMR spectroscopy gives a measure of total HDL particle concentration, which strongly associates with the carotid intima-media thickness.[6]
- It classifies HDL by their size
- Large HDL: 8.8 to 13 nm. It corresponds to the HDL 2a and 2b from the physico-chemical subgroups
- Small HDL: 7.3 to 8.2 nm. This corresponds with the HDL 3b and 3c of the physico-chemical subgroups
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rosenson RS, Brewer HB, Chapman MJ, Fazio S, Hussain MM, Kontush A; et al. (2011). "HDL measures, particle heterogeneity, proposed nomenclature, and relation to atherosclerotic cardiovascular events". Clin Chem. 57 (3): 392–410. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.155333. PMID 21266551.
- ↑ Rosenson RS, Brewer HB, Ansell B, Barter P, Chapman MJ, Heinecke JW; et al. (2013). "Translation of High-Density Lipoprotein Function Into Clinical Practice: Current Prospects and Future Challenges". Circulation. 128 (11): 1256–1267. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.000962. PMID 24019446.
- ↑ Yin K, Tang SL, Yu XH; et al. (2013). "Apolipoprotein A-I inhibits LPS-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice possibly via activated STAT3-mediated upregulation of tristetraprolin". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. doi:10.1038/aps.2013.10. PMID 23564081. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mazer NA, Giulianini F, Paynter NP, Jordan P, Mora S (2013). "A Comparison of the Theoretical Relationship between HDL Size and the Ratio of HDL Cholesterol to Apolipoprotein A-I with Experimental Results from the Women's Health Study". Clinical Chemistry. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2012.196949. PMID 23426429. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kappelle PJ, Gansevoort RT, Hillege HJ, Wolffenbuttel BH, Dullaart RP (2013). "Common variation in cholesteryl ester transfer protein: relationship of first major adverse cardiovascular events with the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio". Journal of Clinical Lipidology. 7 (1): 56–64. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2012.05.003. PMID 23351584. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Huang F, Yang Z, Xu B; et al. (2013). "Both serum apolipoprotein B and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio are associated with carotid intima-media thickness". Plos One. 8 (1): e54628. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054628. PMC 3554742. PMID 23359805.