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* For a lot of years, HDL was thought to be as simple in structure as LDL. Insight about the complexity and heterogeneity of HDL began later on. | * For a lot of years, HDL was thought to be as simple in structure as LDL. Insight about the complexity and heterogeneity of HDL began later on. | ||
* Historically, beginning in the late 1970's cholesterol and lipid assays were promoted to estimate total HDL-cholesterol because such tests used to be far less expensive, by about 50 fold, than measured lipoprotein particle concentrations and subclass analysis. Over time, with continued research, decreasing costs, greater availability and wider acceptance of other "lipoprotein subclass analysis" assay methods, including [[NMR spectroscopy]], human studies have continued to show a stronger correlation between human clinically obvious cardiovascular events and quantitatively measured large HDL-particle concentrations.<ref name="pmid23501697">{{cite journal |author=Umemoto T, Han CY, Mitra P, ''et al.'' |title=Apolipoprotein A-I and HDL Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects onAdipocytes via Cholesterol Transporters: ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) A-1, ABCG-1 and Scavenger Receptor B-1(SRB-1) |journal=[[Circulation Research]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2013 |month=March |pmid=23501697 |doi=10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.300581 |url=}}</ref | * Historically, beginning in the late 1970's cholesterol and lipid assays were promoted to estimate total HDL-cholesterol because such tests used to be far less expensive, by about 50 fold, than measured lipoprotein particle concentrations and subclass analysis. Over time, with continued research, decreasing costs, greater availability and wider acceptance of other "lipoprotein subclass analysis" assay methods, including [[NMR spectroscopy]], human studies have continued to show a stronger correlation between human clinically obvious cardiovascular events and quantitatively measured large HDL-particle concentrations.<ref name="pmid23501697">{{cite journal |author=Umemoto T, Han CY, Mitra P, ''et al.'' |title=Apolipoprotein A-I and HDL Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects onAdipocytes via Cholesterol Transporters: ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) A-1, ABCG-1 and Scavenger Receptor B-1(SRB-1) |journal=[[Circulation Research]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2013 |month=March |pmid=23501697 |doi=10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.300581 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The association between low HDL and cardiovacular risk factors were initially investigated by The Framingham Heart Study and The Helsinki Heart Study.<ref name="pmid3196218">{{cite journal| author=Wilson PW, Abbott RD, Castelli WP| title=High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study. | journal=Arteriosclerosis | year= 1988 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 737-41 | pmid=3196218 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3196218 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3322826">{{cite journal| author=Mänttäri M, Elo O, Frick MH, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P et al.| title=The Helsinki Heart Study: basic design and randomization procedure. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 1987 | volume= 8 Suppl I | issue= | pages= 1-29 | pmid=3322826 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3322826 }} </ref> | * The association between low HDL and cardiovacular risk factors were initially investigated by The Framingham Heart Study and The Helsinki Heart Study.<ref name="pmid3196218">{{cite journal| author=Wilson PW, Abbott RD, Castelli WP| title=High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study. | journal=Arteriosclerosis | year= 1988 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 737-41 | pmid=3196218 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3196218 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3322826">{{cite journal| author=Mänttäri M, Elo O, Frick MH, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P et al.| title=The Helsinki Heart Study: basic design and randomization procedure. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 1987 | volume= 8 Suppl I | issue= | pages= 1-29 | pmid=3322826 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3322826 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 12:29, 21 September 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- HDL was the first lipoprotein to be isolated in 1929. Macheboeuf isolated what was discovered to be an alpha protein, later on referred to as HDL, from ammonium sulfate treated horse serum. [1]
- Further understanding of the nature of lipoproteins was driven by the laboratories efforts to purify blood for transfusion during World War II. During this era, lipoproteins were classified into "alpha-lipoprotein" and "beta-lipoprotein" referring to HDL and LDL respectively.[2]
- For a lot of years, HDL was thought to be as simple in structure as LDL. Insight about the complexity and heterogeneity of HDL began later on.
- Historically, beginning in the late 1970's cholesterol and lipid assays were promoted to estimate total HDL-cholesterol because such tests used to be far less expensive, by about 50 fold, than measured lipoprotein particle concentrations and subclass analysis. Over time, with continued research, decreasing costs, greater availability and wider acceptance of other "lipoprotein subclass analysis" assay methods, including NMR spectroscopy, human studies have continued to show a stronger correlation between human clinically obvious cardiovascular events and quantitatively measured large HDL-particle concentrations.[3]
- The association between low HDL and cardiovacular risk factors were initially investigated by The Framingham Heart Study and The Helsinki Heart Study.[4][5]
References
- ↑ Olson RE (1998). "Discovery of the lipoproteins, their role in fat transport and their significance as risk factors". J Nutr. 128 (2 Suppl): 439S–443S. PMID 9478044.
- ↑ Gotto AM (2005). "Evolving concepts of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease: the Louis F. Bishop Lecture". J Am Coll Cardiol. 46 (7): 1219–24. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.059. PMID 16198834.
- ↑ Umemoto T, Han CY, Mitra P; et al. (2013). "Apolipoprotein A-I and HDL Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects onAdipocytes via Cholesterol Transporters: ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) A-1, ABCG-1 and Scavenger Receptor B-1(SRB-1)". Circulation Research. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.300581. PMID 23501697. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wilson PW, Abbott RD, Castelli WP (1988). "High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study". Arteriosclerosis. 8 (6): 737–41. PMID 3196218.
- ↑ Mänttäri M, Elo O, Frick MH, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P; et al. (1987). "The Helsinki Heart Study: basic design and randomization procedure". Eur Heart J. 8 Suppl I: 1–29. PMID 3322826.