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Revision as of 12:58, 26 September 2013
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Causes of hypertriglyceridemia
Primary hypertriglyceridemia
Genetics [1]
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
- Genetic deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
- Deficiency of apo C-II, that acts as a cofactor of LPL
- Insulin deficiency or dysfunction in diabetes type 1 and 2 can also cause this disorder as LPL requires insulin for its full function.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia
- Autosomal dominant disorder
- Patients have either isolated triglyceride or LDL-c elevations or both.
- Family history of premature coronary artery disease in 1 or more first-degree relatives
- Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels.
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
- Autosomal dominant trait
- These patients and their families have isolated triglyceride elevations
- Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease.
Idiopathic (constitutional)
Secondary hypertriglyceridemia
Metabolic [1]
Drugs
- Diuretics (high dose thiazide or chlorthalidone)
- Beta-blockers (high doses)
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Oral contraceptive pills (high estrogen )
- Tamoxifen
- Glucocorticoids
- Oral isotretinoin
- Antiretroviral therapy (protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
- Atypical antipsychotics
Miscellaneous
- Alcohol
- Pregnancy
- Acute pancreatitis
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder
- High-carbohydrate or high glycemic index
- Glycogen storage disease type 1
- Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency or Cholesteryl ester storage disease
- Paraproteinemias (e.g., hypergammaglobulinemia in macroglobulinemia, myeloma, lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemias)
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosis)
Causes of Bradycardia in Alphabetical Order
Non-cardiac causes are usually secondary, and can involve recreational drug use; endocrine disorders (hypothyroid); electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia); autonomic reflexes; situational factors (prolonged bed rest); infections lyme disease; medications; and autoimmunity disorders. Cardiac causes include acute or chronic ischemic heart disease, vascular heart disease, valvular heart disease, or degenerative primary electrical disease (fibrosis and calcification of the sinus node and conduction system).
Causes of Hypotension in Alphabetical Order
Hypotension
Causes by Organ System
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP (2009). "Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia". Curr Drug Targets. 10 (4): 336–43. PMID 19355858.
- ↑ Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR; et al. PMID 20301600. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ Goldstein S, Qazi QH, Fitzgerald J, Goldstein J, Friedman AP, Sawyer P (1985). "Distichiasis, congenital heart defects and mixed peripheral vascular anomalies". Am. J. Med. Genet. 20 (2): 283–94. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320200212. PMID 3976722. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)