Pulmonary hypertension causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Pulmonary hypertension in itself is not a life threatening condition, but it is progressive fatal if left untreated. | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
The most common cause of pulmonary hypertension is [[left heart failure]] leading to pulmonary venous hypertension. Common causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) include | The most common cause of pulmonary hypertension is [[left heart failure]] leading to pulmonary venous hypertension. Other Common causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) include: | ||
*[[HIV]] | |||
*[[Systemic sclerosis]] | |||
*[[Portal hypertension]] | |||
*[[Sickle cell disease]]<ref>Gladwin MT, Sachdev V, Jison ML, Shizukuda Y, Plehn JF, Minter K, Brown B, Coles WA, Nichols JS, Ernst I, Hunter LA, Blackwelder WC, Schechter AN, Rodgers GP, Castro O, Ognibene FP. Pulmonary hypertension as a risk factor for death in patients with sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350:886-95</ref> | |||
*[[Congenital heart disease]] | |||
*[[COPD]] | |||
*[[Interstitial lung disease]] | |||
*[[Pickwickian syndrome]] | |||
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]] | |||
*[[obesity-hypoventilation syndrome]] | |||
* [[Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension]] (Diagnosis of exclusion). | * [[Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension]] (Diagnosis of exclusion). | ||
* Familial Pulmonary Hypertension | * [[Familial Pulmonary Hypertension]] | ||
* [[Cor Pulmonale]]( Right heart failure due to pulmonary disease). | * [[Cor Pulmonale]]( Right heart failure due to pulmonary disease). | ||
* [[Congestive heart failure]]. | * [[Congestive heart failure]]. | ||
* Right sided valvular disease | * [[Right sided valvular disease]] | ||
* [[Mitral stenosis]] | * [[Mitral stenosis]] | ||
====Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension==== | ====Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension==== | ||
Revision as of 20:55, 8 November 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ralph Matar
Overview
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Pulmonary hypertension in itself is not a life threatening condition, but it is progressive fatal if left untreated.
Common Causes
The most common cause of pulmonary hypertension is left heart failure leading to pulmonary venous hypertension. Other Common causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) include:
- HIV
- Systemic sclerosis
- Portal hypertension
- Sickle cell disease[1]
- Congenital heart disease
- COPD
- Interstitial lung disease
- Pickwickian syndrome
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- obesity-hypoventilation syndrome
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension (Diagnosis of exclusion).
- Familial Pulmonary Hypertension
- Cor Pulmonale( Right heart failure due to pulmonary disease).
- Congestive heart failure.
- Right sided valvular disease
- Mitral stenosis
Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
When none of the causes on this page can be found, the disease is termed idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Causes by Clinical Classification
Class 1: Pulmonary Aterial Hypertension
- Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
- Heritable( BMPR2,ALK-1,Endogin...)
- Drug and toxin induced.
- Connective tissue diseases
- HIV
- Portal Hypertension
- Congenital heart diseases
- Schistosomiasis
- Chronic hemolytic anemia.
- Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the newborn
Class 2: Pulmonary Venous Hypertension or pulmonary hypertension owing to left heart disease
Class 3: Pulmonary Hypertension associated with disorders of the respiratory system and/or Hypoxemia
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
- Interstitial Lung Disease
- Pulmonary diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive patterns.
- Obstructive sleep apnea.
- High Altitude(chronically).
- Developmental abnormalities.
Class 4: Pulmonary Hypertension due to chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disease
Class 5: Pulmonary Hypertension due to disorders directly affecting the pulmonary vasculature
- Hematologic disorders: Myeloproliferative disorders, splenectomy, polycythemia vera.
- Systemic disorders: Sarcoidosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Neurofibromatosis, Vasculitis.
- Metabolic disorders: Glycogen storage diseases, Gaucher disease, thyroid disease.
- Miscellaneous: Tumor obstruction, fibrosing mediastinitis, chronic renal failure on dialysis.
References
- ↑ Gladwin MT, Sachdev V, Jison ML, Shizukuda Y, Plehn JF, Minter K, Brown B, Coles WA, Nichols JS, Ernst I, Hunter LA, Blackwelder WC, Schechter AN, Rodgers GP, Castro O, Ognibene FP. Pulmonary hypertension as a risk factor for death in patients with sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350:886-95